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The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy?
SIMPLE SUMMARY: The current review assessed the effects of the gut microbiome on clinical outcomes of immunotherapy and related adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients. Studies (n = 10) consistently reported that the gut microbiome prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was assoc...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508052/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194824 |
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author | Oh, Byeongsang Boyle, Frances Pavlakis, Nick Clarke, Stephen Eade, Thomas Hruby, George Lamoury, Gillian Carroll, Susan Morgia, Marita Kneebone, Andrew Stevens, Mark Liu, Wen Corless, Brian Molloy, Mark Kong, Benjamin Libermann, Towia Rosenthal, David Back, Michael |
author_facet | Oh, Byeongsang Boyle, Frances Pavlakis, Nick Clarke, Stephen Eade, Thomas Hruby, George Lamoury, Gillian Carroll, Susan Morgia, Marita Kneebone, Andrew Stevens, Mark Liu, Wen Corless, Brian Molloy, Mark Kong, Benjamin Libermann, Towia Rosenthal, David Back, Michael |
author_sort | Oh, Byeongsang |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: The current review assessed the effects of the gut microbiome on clinical outcomes of immunotherapy and related adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients. Studies (n = 10) consistently reported that the gut microbiome prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was associated with enhanced efficacy of ICIs and reduced AEs. Recent fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) studies demonstrated the modulatory effects of FMT on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in patients with refractory cancers and the potential to improve the efficacy of ICIs. ABSTRACT: Background: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences the clinical response to immunotherapy. This review of clinical studies examines the relationship between gut microbiota and immunotherapy outcomes. Method: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for “cancer” and “immunotherapy/immune checkpoint inhibitor” and “microbiome/microbiota” and/or “fecal microbiome transplant FMT”. The relevant literature was selected for this article. Results: Ten studies examined patients diagnosed with advanced metastatic melanoma (n = 6), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 2), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (n = 1) and one study examined combination both NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 1). These studies consistently reported that the gut microbiome profile prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was related to clinical response as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Two studies reported that a low abundance of Bacteroidetes was associated with colitis. Two studies showed that patients with anti-PD-1 refractory metastatic melanoma experienced improved response rates and no added toxicity when receiving fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from patients with anti-PD-1 responsive disease. Conclusions: Overall, significant differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were identified in ICIs responders and non-responders. Our findings provide new insights into the value of assessing the gut microbiome in immunotherapy. Further robust randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the modulatory effects of the gut microbiome and FMT on ICIs in patients not responding to immunotherapy are warranted. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8508052 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85080522021-10-13 The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? Oh, Byeongsang Boyle, Frances Pavlakis, Nick Clarke, Stephen Eade, Thomas Hruby, George Lamoury, Gillian Carroll, Susan Morgia, Marita Kneebone, Andrew Stevens, Mark Liu, Wen Corless, Brian Molloy, Mark Kong, Benjamin Libermann, Towia Rosenthal, David Back, Michael Cancers (Basel) Review SIMPLE SUMMARY: The current review assessed the effects of the gut microbiome on clinical outcomes of immunotherapy and related adverse events (AEs) in cancer patients. Studies (n = 10) consistently reported that the gut microbiome prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was associated with enhanced efficacy of ICIs and reduced AEs. Recent fecal microbiome transplant (FMT) studies demonstrated the modulatory effects of FMT on the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome in patients with refractory cancers and the potential to improve the efficacy of ICIs. ABSTRACT: Background: Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota influences the clinical response to immunotherapy. This review of clinical studies examines the relationship between gut microbiota and immunotherapy outcomes. Method: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases Medline, PubMed and ScienceDirect, with searches for “cancer” and “immunotherapy/immune checkpoint inhibitor” and “microbiome/microbiota” and/or “fecal microbiome transplant FMT”. The relevant literature was selected for this article. Results: Ten studies examined patients diagnosed with advanced metastatic melanoma (n = 6), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 2), non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) (n = 1) and one study examined combination both NSCLC and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) (n = 1). These studies consistently reported that the gut microbiome profile prior to administering immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was related to clinical response as measured by progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Two studies reported that a low abundance of Bacteroidetes was associated with colitis. Two studies showed that patients with anti-PD-1 refractory metastatic melanoma experienced improved response rates and no added toxicity when receiving fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) from patients with anti-PD-1 responsive disease. Conclusions: Overall, significant differences in the diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were identified in ICIs responders and non-responders. Our findings provide new insights into the value of assessing the gut microbiome in immunotherapy. Further robust randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the modulatory effects of the gut microbiome and FMT on ICIs in patients not responding to immunotherapy are warranted. MDPI 2021-09-27 /pmc/articles/PMC8508052/ /pubmed/34638308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194824 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Oh, Byeongsang Boyle, Frances Pavlakis, Nick Clarke, Stephen Eade, Thomas Hruby, George Lamoury, Gillian Carroll, Susan Morgia, Marita Kneebone, Andrew Stevens, Mark Liu, Wen Corless, Brian Molloy, Mark Kong, Benjamin Libermann, Towia Rosenthal, David Back, Michael The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title | The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title_full | The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title_fullStr | The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title_full_unstemmed | The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title_short | The Gut Microbiome and Cancer Immunotherapy: Can We Use the Gut Microbiome as a Predictive Biomarker for Clinical Response in Cancer Immunotherapy? |
title_sort | gut microbiome and cancer immunotherapy: can we use the gut microbiome as a predictive biomarker for clinical response in cancer immunotherapy? |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508052/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638308 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194824 |
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