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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population
Lower socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence, possibly affecting women more than men, although evidence in Spain is still limited. The present cross-sectional study analyzed the association between MS and SES by age and gender among 42,146 wor...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34639628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910333 |
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author | Abbate, Manuela Pericas, Jordi Yañez, Aina M. López-González, Angel A. De Pedro-Gómez, Joan Aguilo, Antoni Morales-Asencio, José M. Bennasar-Veny, Miquel |
author_facet | Abbate, Manuela Pericas, Jordi Yañez, Aina M. López-González, Angel A. De Pedro-Gómez, Joan Aguilo, Antoni Morales-Asencio, José M. Bennasar-Veny, Miquel |
author_sort | Abbate, Manuela |
collection | PubMed |
description | Lower socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence, possibly affecting women more than men, although evidence in Spain is still limited. The present cross-sectional study analyzed the association between MS and SES by age and gender among 42,146 working adults living in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Prevalence was higher in men (9.4% by ATP-III; 12.3% by IDF) than women (3.8% by ATP-III; 5.7% by IDF) and in the lower social class (7.9% by ATP-III; 10.7% by IDF) than the higher (4.1% by ATP-III; 5.9% by IDF). The SES gradient in MS prevalence was larger in women (PR 95% CI: 3.38, 2.50–4.58 by ATP-III; 3.06, 2.43–3.86 by IDF) than in men (1.23, 1.06–1.41 by ATP-III; 1.15, 1.03–1.30 by IDF) and was already evident from early adulthood, reaching the highest ratio at the late stages of middle adulthood (4.34, 1.11–16.98). Among men, it was significant during the late stages of early adulthood only (1.80, 1.19–2.73). Lower SES influenced MS prevalence in both genders, however, women seemed more affected than men. From a public health perspective, SES could be strongly associated with the burden of MS; in an effort to reduce its prevalence, public health policies should focus on gender differences in socio-economic inequality and consider women with low socio-economic resources as a priority. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8508307 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85083072021-10-13 Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population Abbate, Manuela Pericas, Jordi Yañez, Aina M. López-González, Angel A. De Pedro-Gómez, Joan Aguilo, Antoni Morales-Asencio, José M. Bennasar-Veny, Miquel Int J Environ Res Public Health Article Lower socio-economic status (SES) is significantly associated with metabolic syndrome (MS) prevalence, possibly affecting women more than men, although evidence in Spain is still limited. The present cross-sectional study analyzed the association between MS and SES by age and gender among 42,146 working adults living in the Balearic Islands (Spain). Prevalence was higher in men (9.4% by ATP-III; 12.3% by IDF) than women (3.8% by ATP-III; 5.7% by IDF) and in the lower social class (7.9% by ATP-III; 10.7% by IDF) than the higher (4.1% by ATP-III; 5.9% by IDF). The SES gradient in MS prevalence was larger in women (PR 95% CI: 3.38, 2.50–4.58 by ATP-III; 3.06, 2.43–3.86 by IDF) than in men (1.23, 1.06–1.41 by ATP-III; 1.15, 1.03–1.30 by IDF) and was already evident from early adulthood, reaching the highest ratio at the late stages of middle adulthood (4.34, 1.11–16.98). Among men, it was significant during the late stages of early adulthood only (1.80, 1.19–2.73). Lower SES influenced MS prevalence in both genders, however, women seemed more affected than men. From a public health perspective, SES could be strongly associated with the burden of MS; in an effort to reduce its prevalence, public health policies should focus on gender differences in socio-economic inequality and consider women with low socio-economic resources as a priority. MDPI 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8508307/ /pubmed/34639628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910333 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Abbate, Manuela Pericas, Jordi Yañez, Aina M. López-González, Angel A. De Pedro-Gómez, Joan Aguilo, Antoni Morales-Asencio, José M. Bennasar-Veny, Miquel Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title | Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title_full | Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title_fullStr | Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title_full_unstemmed | Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title_short | Socioeconomic Inequalities in Metabolic Syndrome by Age and Gender in a Spanish Working Population |
title_sort | socioeconomic inequalities in metabolic syndrome by age and gender in a spanish working population |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508307/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34639628 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph181910333 |
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