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Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctio...

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Autores principales: Fernández-Tomé, Samuel, Ortega Moreno, Lorena, Chaparro, María, Gisbert, Javier P.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910224
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author Fernández-Tomé, Samuel
Ortega Moreno, Lorena
Chaparro, María
Gisbert, Javier P.
author_facet Fernández-Tomé, Samuel
Ortega Moreno, Lorena
Chaparro, María
Gisbert, Javier P.
author_sort Fernández-Tomé, Samuel
collection PubMed
description The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD.
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spelling pubmed-85086242021-10-13 Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Fernández-Tomé, Samuel Ortega Moreno, Lorena Chaparro, María Gisbert, Javier P. Int J Mol Sci Review The gastrointestinal tract is optimized to efficiently absorb nutrients and provide a competent barrier against a variety of lumen environmental compounds. Different regulatory mechanisms jointly collaborate to maintain intestinal homeostasis, but alterations in these mechanisms lead to a dysfunctional gastrointestinal barrier and are associated to several inflammatory conditions usually found in chronic pathologies such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The gastrointestinal mucus, mostly composed of mucin glycoproteins, covers the epithelium and plays an essential role in digestive and barrier functions. However, its regulation is very dynamic and is still poorly understood. This review presents some aspects concerning the role of mucus in gut health and its alterations in IBD. In addition, the impact of gut microbiota and dietary compounds as environmental factors modulating the mucus layer is addressed. To date, studies have evidenced the impact of the three-way interplay between the microbiome, diet and the mucus layer on the gut barrier, host immune system and IBD. This review emphasizes the need to address current limitations on this topic, especially regarding the design of robust human trials and highlights the potential interest of improving our understanding of the regulation of the intestinal mucus barrier in IBD. MDPI 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8508624/ /pubmed/34638564 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910224 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Fernández-Tomé, Samuel
Ortega Moreno, Lorena
Chaparro, María
Gisbert, Javier P.
Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title_full Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title_fullStr Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title_full_unstemmed Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title_short Gut Microbiota and Dietary Factors as Modulators of the Mucus Layer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease
title_sort gut microbiota and dietary factors as modulators of the mucus layer in inflammatory bowel disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508624/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638564
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910224
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