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PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ...
Autores principales: | , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508998/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910431 |
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author | Kökény, Gábor Calvier, Laurent Hansmann, Georg |
author_facet | Kökény, Gábor Calvier, Laurent Hansmann, Georg |
author_sort | Kökény, Gábor |
collection | PubMed |
description | Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8508998 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85089982021-10-13 PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys Kökény, Gábor Calvier, Laurent Hansmann, Georg Int J Mol Sci Review Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a type II nuclear receptor, initially recognized in adipose tissue for its role in fatty acid storage and glucose metabolism. It promotes lipid uptake and adipogenesis by increasing insulin sensitivity and adiponectin release. Later, PPARγ was implicated in cardiac development and in critical conditions such as pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and kidney failure. Recently, a cluster of different papers linked PPARγ signaling with another superfamily, the transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ), and its receptors, all of which play a major role in PAH and kidney failure. TGFβ is a multifunctional cytokine that drives inflammation, fibrosis, and cell differentiation while PPARγ activation reverses these adverse events in many models. Such opposite biological effects emphasize the delicate balance and complex crosstalk between PPARγ and TGFβ. Based on solid experimental and clinical evidence, the present review summarizes connections and their implications for PAH and kidney failure, highlighting the similarities and differences between lung and kidney mechanisms as well as discussing the therapeutic potential of PPARγ agonist pioglitazone. MDPI 2021-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8508998/ /pubmed/34638771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910431 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Kökény, Gábor Calvier, Laurent Hansmann, Georg PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title | PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title_full | PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title_fullStr | PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title_full_unstemmed | PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title_short | PPARγ and TGFβ—Major Regulators of Metabolism, Inflammation, and Fibrosis in the Lungs and Kidneys |
title_sort | pparγ and tgfβ—major regulators of metabolism, inflammation, and fibrosis in the lungs and kidneys |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8508998/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34638771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910431 |
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