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The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease
Healthy human lungs have traditionally been considered to be a sterile organ. However, culture-independent molecular techniques have reported that large numbers of microbes coexist in the lung and airways. The lungs harbor diverse microbial composition that are undetected by previous approaches. Man...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34639212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910872 |
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author | Yagi, Kazuma Huffnagle, Gary B. Lukacs, Nicholas W. Asai, Nobuhiro |
author_facet | Yagi, Kazuma Huffnagle, Gary B. Lukacs, Nicholas W. Asai, Nobuhiro |
author_sort | Yagi, Kazuma |
collection | PubMed |
description | Healthy human lungs have traditionally been considered to be a sterile organ. However, culture-independent molecular techniques have reported that large numbers of microbes coexist in the lung and airways. The lungs harbor diverse microbial composition that are undetected by previous approaches. Many studies have found significant differences in microbial composition between during health and respiratory disease. The lung microbiome is likely to not only influence susceptibility or causes of diseases but be affected by disease activities or responses to treatment. Although lung microbiome research has some limitations from study design to reporting, it can add further dimensionality to host-microbe interactions. Moreover, there is a possibility that extending understanding to the lung microbiome with new multiple omics approaches would be useful for developing both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for respiratory diseases in clinical settings. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8509400 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85094002021-10-13 The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease Yagi, Kazuma Huffnagle, Gary B. Lukacs, Nicholas W. Asai, Nobuhiro Int J Mol Sci Review Healthy human lungs have traditionally been considered to be a sterile organ. However, culture-independent molecular techniques have reported that large numbers of microbes coexist in the lung and airways. The lungs harbor diverse microbial composition that are undetected by previous approaches. Many studies have found significant differences in microbial composition between during health and respiratory disease. The lung microbiome is likely to not only influence susceptibility or causes of diseases but be affected by disease activities or responses to treatment. Although lung microbiome research has some limitations from study design to reporting, it can add further dimensionality to host-microbe interactions. Moreover, there is a possibility that extending understanding to the lung microbiome with new multiple omics approaches would be useful for developing both diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for respiratory diseases in clinical settings. MDPI 2021-10-08 /pmc/articles/PMC8509400/ /pubmed/34639212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910872 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Yagi, Kazuma Huffnagle, Gary B. Lukacs, Nicholas W. Asai, Nobuhiro The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title | The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title_full | The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title_fullStr | The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title_full_unstemmed | The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title_short | The Lung Microbiome during Health and Disease |
title_sort | lung microbiome during health and disease |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509400/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34639212 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms221910872 |
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