Empagliflozin Relaxes Resistance Mesenteric Arteries by Stimulating Multiple Smooth Muscle Cell Voltage-Gated K(+) (K(V)) Channels

The antidiabetic drug empagliflozin is reported to produce a range of cardiovascular effects, including a reduction in systemic blood pressure. However, whether empagliflozin directly modulates the contractility of resistance-size mesenteric arteries remains unclear. Here, we sought to investigate if empagliflozin could relax resistance-size rat mesenteric arteries and the associated underlying molecular mechanisms. We found that acute empagliflozin application produces a concentration-dependent vasodilation in myogenic, depolarized and phenylephrine (PE)-preconstricted mesenteric arteries. Selective inhibition of smooth muscle cell voltage-gated K(+) channels K(V)1.5 and K(V)7 abolished empagliflozin-induced vasodilation. In contrast, pharmacological inhibition of large-conductance Ca(2+)-activated K(+) (BK(Ca)) channels and ATP-sensitive (K(ATP)) channels did not abolish vasodilation. Inhibition of the vasodilatory signaling axis involving endothelial nitric oxide (NO), smooth muscle cell soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) and protein kinase G (PKG) did not abolish empagliflozin-evoked vasodilation. Inhibition of the endothelium-derived vasodilatory molecule prostacyclin (PGI(2)) had no effect on the vasodilation. Consistently, empagliflozin-evoked vasodilation remained unaltered by endothelium denudation. Overall, our data suggest that empagliflozin stimulates smooth muscle cell K(V) channels K(V)1.5 and K(V)7, resulting in vasodilation in resistance-size mesenteric arteries. This study demonstrates for the first time a novel mechanism whereby empagliflozin regulates arterial contractility, resulting in vasodilation. Due to known antihypertensive properties, treatment with empagliflozin may complement conventional antihypertensive therapy.