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Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits
Sulfur mustard (SM) is a cytotoxic, vesicating, chemical warfare agent, first used in 1917; corneas are particularly vulnerable to SM exposure. They may develop inflammation, ulceration, neovascularization (NV), impaired vision, and partial/complete blindness depending upon the concentration of SM,...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Public Library of Science
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34637469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258503 |
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author | Goswami, Dinesh G. Mishra, Neha Kant, Rama Agarwal, Chapla Croutch, Claire R. Enzenauer, Robert W. Petrash, Mark J. Tewari-Singh, Neera Agarwal, Rajesh |
author_facet | Goswami, Dinesh G. Mishra, Neha Kant, Rama Agarwal, Chapla Croutch, Claire R. Enzenauer, Robert W. Petrash, Mark J. Tewari-Singh, Neera Agarwal, Rajesh |
author_sort | Goswami, Dinesh G. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sulfur mustard (SM) is a cytotoxic, vesicating, chemical warfare agent, first used in 1917; corneas are particularly vulnerable to SM exposure. They may develop inflammation, ulceration, neovascularization (NV), impaired vision, and partial/complete blindness depending upon the concentration of SM, exposure duration, and bio-physiological conditions of the eyes. Comprehensive in vivo studies have established ocular structural alterations, opacity, NV, and inflammation upon short durations (<4 min) of SM exposure. In this study, detailed analyses of histopathological alterations in corneal structure, keratocytes, inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines were performed in New Zealand white rabbits, in a time-dependent manner till 28 days, post longer durations (5 and 7 min) of ocular SM exposure to establish quantifiable endpoints of injury and healing. Results indicated that SM exposure led to duration-dependent increases in corneal thickness, opacity, ulceration, epithelial-stromal separation, and epithelial degradation. Significant increases in NV, keratocyte death, blood vessels, and inflammatory markers (COX-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and interleukin-8) were also observed for both exposure durations compared to the controls. Collectively, these findings would benefit in temporal delineation of mechanisms underlying SM-induced corneal toxicity and provide models for testing therapeutic interventions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8509852 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Public Library of Science |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85098522021-10-13 Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits Goswami, Dinesh G. Mishra, Neha Kant, Rama Agarwal, Chapla Croutch, Claire R. Enzenauer, Robert W. Petrash, Mark J. Tewari-Singh, Neera Agarwal, Rajesh PLoS One Research Article Sulfur mustard (SM) is a cytotoxic, vesicating, chemical warfare agent, first used in 1917; corneas are particularly vulnerable to SM exposure. They may develop inflammation, ulceration, neovascularization (NV), impaired vision, and partial/complete blindness depending upon the concentration of SM, exposure duration, and bio-physiological conditions of the eyes. Comprehensive in vivo studies have established ocular structural alterations, opacity, NV, and inflammation upon short durations (<4 min) of SM exposure. In this study, detailed analyses of histopathological alterations in corneal structure, keratocytes, inflammatory cells, blood vessels, and expressions of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines were performed in New Zealand white rabbits, in a time-dependent manner till 28 days, post longer durations (5 and 7 min) of ocular SM exposure to establish quantifiable endpoints of injury and healing. Results indicated that SM exposure led to duration-dependent increases in corneal thickness, opacity, ulceration, epithelial-stromal separation, and epithelial degradation. Significant increases in NV, keratocyte death, blood vessels, and inflammatory markers (COX-2, MMP-9, VEGF, and interleukin-8) were also observed for both exposure durations compared to the controls. Collectively, these findings would benefit in temporal delineation of mechanisms underlying SM-induced corneal toxicity and provide models for testing therapeutic interventions. Public Library of Science 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8509852/ /pubmed/34637469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258503 Text en © 2021 Goswami et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Goswami, Dinesh G. Mishra, Neha Kant, Rama Agarwal, Chapla Croutch, Claire R. Enzenauer, Robert W. Petrash, Mark J. Tewari-Singh, Neera Agarwal, Rajesh Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title | Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title_full | Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title_fullStr | Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title_full_unstemmed | Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title_short | Pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
title_sort | pathophysiology and inflammatory biomarkers of sulfur mustard-induced corneal injury in rabbits |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8509852/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34637469 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258503 |
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