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Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants
This study aimed to examine the penetration depth into dentinal tubules of some chelating agents. The 17% EDTA and two preparations containing surfactants (Smear Clear, Bioakt Endo) were tested. Surface tension and liquid viscosity were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer and a Haake rot...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8510083/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195853 |
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author | Giardino, Luciano Pedullà, Eugenio Cavani, Francesco Bisciotti, Francesca Giannetti, Luca Checchi, Vittorio Angerame, Daniele Consolo, Ugo Generali, Luigi |
author_facet | Giardino, Luciano Pedullà, Eugenio Cavani, Francesco Bisciotti, Francesca Giannetti, Luca Checchi, Vittorio Angerame, Daniele Consolo, Ugo Generali, Luigi |
author_sort | Giardino, Luciano |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study aimed to examine the penetration depth into dentinal tubules of some chelating agents. The 17% EDTA and two preparations containing surfactants (Smear Clear, Bioakt Endo) were tested. Surface tension and liquid viscosity were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer and a Haake rotational rheometer. To measure the penetration depth inside dentinal tubules, thirty maxillary central incisors were selected from a pool of extracted human permanent teeth and allocated to three experimental groups (10 samples each), as well as were mechanically shaped and cleansed with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by each of the chelators being labeled with 0.1 wt % Rhodamine B according to final irrigation protocol established. The samples were embedded in an epoxy resin, after which 200 μm thick transverse sections were obtained at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex with a saw microtome. The specimens were then observed using a confocal laser microscope (CLSM) and the penetration of the labeled solution was measured in every third of each sample. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests according to the distribution of data, evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Viscosity and surface tension tests have shown that BioAKT Endo has the lowest values compared to EDTA and Smear Clear. The medium penetration depth did not significantly differ among the three irrigants, while it increased considerably from the apical to the coronal level in all groups. Additionally, the maximum penetration depth increased significantly from the apical to coronal level, while among groups, BioAKT Endo showed the highest values at the apical and middle level compared to the other irrigants. No significant differences were observed among the three groups in medium and maximum penetration depths when the entire root was considered. New irrigants containing surfactants show reduced surface tension and, in one case (BioAKT Endo), viscosity. The lowering of the surface tension allows for better penetration of liquids into dentinal tubules than EDTA alone, thus improving the cleaning of the root canal system. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8510083 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85100832021-10-13 Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants Giardino, Luciano Pedullà, Eugenio Cavani, Francesco Bisciotti, Francesca Giannetti, Luca Checchi, Vittorio Angerame, Daniele Consolo, Ugo Generali, Luigi Materials (Basel) Article This study aimed to examine the penetration depth into dentinal tubules of some chelating agents. The 17% EDTA and two preparations containing surfactants (Smear Clear, Bioakt Endo) were tested. Surface tension and liquid viscosity were measured using a Dynamic Contact Angle Analyzer and a Haake rotational rheometer. To measure the penetration depth inside dentinal tubules, thirty maxillary central incisors were selected from a pool of extracted human permanent teeth and allocated to three experimental groups (10 samples each), as well as were mechanically shaped and cleansed with 5.25% NaOCl, followed by each of the chelators being labeled with 0.1 wt % Rhodamine B according to final irrigation protocol established. The samples were embedded in an epoxy resin, after which 200 μm thick transverse sections were obtained at 2, 5, and 8 mm from the apex with a saw microtome. The specimens were then observed using a confocal laser microscope (CLSM) and the penetration of the labeled solution was measured in every third of each sample. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests according to the distribution of data, evaluated with the Shapiro–Wilk normality test. Viscosity and surface tension tests have shown that BioAKT Endo has the lowest values compared to EDTA and Smear Clear. The medium penetration depth did not significantly differ among the three irrigants, while it increased considerably from the apical to the coronal level in all groups. Additionally, the maximum penetration depth increased significantly from the apical to coronal level, while among groups, BioAKT Endo showed the highest values at the apical and middle level compared to the other irrigants. No significant differences were observed among the three groups in medium and maximum penetration depths when the entire root was considered. New irrigants containing surfactants show reduced surface tension and, in one case (BioAKT Endo), viscosity. The lowering of the surface tension allows for better penetration of liquids into dentinal tubules than EDTA alone, thus improving the cleaning of the root canal system. MDPI 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8510083/ /pubmed/34640251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195853 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Giardino, Luciano Pedullà, Eugenio Cavani, Francesco Bisciotti, Francesca Giannetti, Luca Checchi, Vittorio Angerame, Daniele Consolo, Ugo Generali, Luigi Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title | Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title_full | Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title_short | Comparative Evaluation of the Penetration Depth into Dentinal Tubules of Three Endodontic Irrigants |
title_sort | comparative evaluation of the penetration depth into dentinal tubules of three endodontic irrigants |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8510083/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640251 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195853 |
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