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Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving
Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether a single deep helium-oxygen (heliox) dive affects physiological function. Methods: A total of 40 male divers performed an open-water heliox dive to 80 m of seawater (msw). The total diving time was 280 min, and the breathing helium-oxygen...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8510140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.735986 |
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author | Bao, Xiao-Chen Shen, Quan Fang, Yi-Qun Wu, Jian-guo |
author_facet | Bao, Xiao-Chen Shen, Quan Fang, Yi-Qun Wu, Jian-guo |
author_sort | Bao, Xiao-Chen |
collection | PubMed |
description | Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether a single deep helium-oxygen (heliox) dive affects physiological function. Methods: A total of 40 male divers performed an open-water heliox dive to 80 m of seawater (msw). The total diving time was 280 min, and the breathing helium-oxygen time was 20 min. Before and after the dive, blood and saliva samples were collected, and blood cell counts, cardiac damage, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial activation, and hormonal biomarkers were assayed. Results: An 80 msw heliox dive induced a significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes (GR %), whereas the percentage of lymphocytes (LYM %), percentage of intermediate cells (MID %), red blood cell number (RBC), hematocrit (hCT), and platelets (PLT) decreased. During the dive, concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), a myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in serum and amylase alpha 1 (AMY1), and testosterone levels in saliva increased, in contrast, IgA levels in saliva decreased. Diving caused a significant increase in serum glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels but had no effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. Conclusion: A single 80 msw heliox dive activates the endothelium, causes skeletal-muscle damage, and induces oxidative stress and physiological stress responses, as reflected in changes in biomarker concentrations. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8510140 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85101402021-10-13 Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving Bao, Xiao-Chen Shen, Quan Fang, Yi-Qun Wu, Jian-guo Front Physiol Physiology Objective: The objective of this study was to explore whether a single deep helium-oxygen (heliox) dive affects physiological function. Methods: A total of 40 male divers performed an open-water heliox dive to 80 m of seawater (msw). The total diving time was 280 min, and the breathing helium-oxygen time was 20 min. Before and after the dive, blood and saliva samples were collected, and blood cell counts, cardiac damage, oxidative stress, vascular endothelial activation, and hormonal biomarkers were assayed. Results: An 80 msw heliox dive induced a significant increase in the percentage of granulocytes (GR %), whereas the percentage of lymphocytes (LYM %), percentage of intermediate cells (MID %), red blood cell number (RBC), hematocrit (hCT), and platelets (PLT) decreased. During the dive, concentrations of creatine kinase (CK), a myocardial-specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in serum and amylase alpha 1 (AMY1), and testosterone levels in saliva increased, in contrast, IgA levels in saliva decreased. Diving caused a significant increase in serum glutathione (GSH) levels and reduced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) levels but had no effect on malondialdehyde (MDA) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) levels. Conclusion: A single 80 msw heliox dive activates the endothelium, causes skeletal-muscle damage, and induces oxidative stress and physiological stress responses, as reflected in changes in biomarker concentrations. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-28 /pmc/articles/PMC8510140/ /pubmed/34650446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.735986 Text en Copyright © 2021 Bao, Shen, Fang and Wu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Bao, Xiao-Chen Shen, Quan Fang, Yi-Qun Wu, Jian-guo Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title | Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title_full | Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title_fullStr | Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title_full_unstemmed | Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title_short | Human Physiological Responses to a Single Deep Helium-Oxygen Diving |
title_sort | human physiological responses to a single deep helium-oxygen diving |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8510140/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34650446 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.735986 |
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