Updating Expectations About Unexpected Object Motion in Infants Later Diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder

In typical development, infants form predictions about future events based on incoming sensory information, which is essential for perception and goal-directed action. It has been suggested that individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) make predictions differently compared to neurotypical individuals. We investigated how infants who later received an ASD diagnosis and neurotypical infants react to temporarily occluded moving objects that violate initial expectations about object motion. Our results indicate that infants regardless of clinical outcome react similarly to unexpected object motion patterns, both in terms of gaze shift latencies and pupillary responses. These findings indicate that the ability to update representations about such regularities in light of new information may not differ between typically developing infants and those with later ASD. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version of this article (10.1007/s10803-021-04876-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.