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Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp

Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be frequently ingested by zooplankton, leading to various effects. Brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica) has an important role in the energy flow through trophic levels in different seawater systems. In this work, the influence...

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Autores principales: Li, Hongyu, Chen, Hongwei, Wang, Jiao, Li, Jiayao, Liu, Sitong, Tu, Jianbo, Chen, Yanzhen, Zong, Yanping, Zhang, Pingping, Wang, Zhiyun, Liu, Xianhua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.717272
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author Li, Hongyu
Chen, Hongwei
Wang, Jiao
Li, Jiayao
Liu, Sitong
Tu, Jianbo
Chen, Yanzhen
Zong, Yanping
Zhang, Pingping
Wang, Zhiyun
Liu, Xianhua
author_facet Li, Hongyu
Chen, Hongwei
Wang, Jiao
Li, Jiayao
Liu, Sitong
Tu, Jianbo
Chen, Yanzhen
Zong, Yanping
Zhang, Pingping
Wang, Zhiyun
Liu, Xianhua
author_sort Li, Hongyu
collection PubMed
description Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be frequently ingested by zooplankton, leading to various effects. Brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica) has an important role in the energy flow through trophic levels in different seawater systems. In this work, the influence of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs on the growth of brine shrimp and corresponding changes of gut microbiota were investigated. Our results showed that the MPs remarkably reduced the growth rate of brine shrimp, and the two types of MPs have different impacts. The average body length of brine shrimps was reduced by 17.92 and 14.95% in the PE group and PS group, respectively. MPs are mainly found in the intestine, and their exposure evidently affects the gut microbiota. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, 32 phyla of bacteria were detected in the intestine, and the microbiome consisted mainly of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. MPs’ exposure significantly increased the gut microbial diversity. For the PE group, the proportion of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased by 45.26 and 2.73%, respectively. For the PS group, it was 54.95 and 1.27%, respectively. According to the analysis on genus level, the proportions of Ponticoccus, Seohaeicola, Polycyclovorans, and Methylophaga decreased by 46.38, 1.24, 1.07, and 2.66%, respectively, for the PE group and 57.87, 1.43, 0.88, and 2.24%, respectively, for the PS group. In contrast, the proportions of Stappia, Microbacterium, and Dietzia increased by 1.12, 23.27, and 11.59%, respectively, for the PE group, and 1.09, 3.79, and 42.96%, respectively, for the PS group. These experimental results demonstrated that the ingestion of MPs by brine shrimp can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and lead to a slow growth rate. This study provides preliminary data support for understanding the biotoxicity of MPs to invertebrate zooplankton and is conducive to the further risk assessment of MP exposure.
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spelling pubmed-85117092021-10-14 Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp Li, Hongyu Chen, Hongwei Wang, Jiao Li, Jiayao Liu, Sitong Tu, Jianbo Chen, Yanzhen Zong, Yanping Zhang, Pingping Wang, Zhiyun Liu, Xianhua Front Microbiol Microbiology Microplastics (MPs) are ubiquitous in the aquatic environment and can be frequently ingested by zooplankton, leading to various effects. Brine shrimp (Artemia parthenogenetica) has an important role in the energy flow through trophic levels in different seawater systems. In this work, the influence of polyethylene (PE) and polystyrene (PS) MPs on the growth of brine shrimp and corresponding changes of gut microbiota were investigated. Our results showed that the MPs remarkably reduced the growth rate of brine shrimp, and the two types of MPs have different impacts. The average body length of brine shrimps was reduced by 17.92 and 14.95% in the PE group and PS group, respectively. MPs are mainly found in the intestine, and their exposure evidently affects the gut microbiota. By using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, 32 phyla of bacteria were detected in the intestine, and the microbiome consisted mainly of Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. MPs’ exposure significantly increased the gut microbial diversity. For the PE group, the proportion of Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes increased by 45.26 and 2.73%, respectively. For the PS group, it was 54.95 and 1.27%, respectively. According to the analysis on genus level, the proportions of Ponticoccus, Seohaeicola, Polycyclovorans, and Methylophaga decreased by 46.38, 1.24, 1.07, and 2.66%, respectively, for the PE group and 57.87, 1.43, 0.88, and 2.24%, respectively, for the PS group. In contrast, the proportions of Stappia, Microbacterium, and Dietzia increased by 1.12, 23.27, and 11.59%, respectively, for the PE group, and 1.09, 3.79, and 42.96%, respectively, for the PS group. These experimental results demonstrated that the ingestion of MPs by brine shrimp can alter the composition of the gut microbiota and lead to a slow growth rate. This study provides preliminary data support for understanding the biotoxicity of MPs to invertebrate zooplankton and is conducive to the further risk assessment of MP exposure. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8511709/ /pubmed/34659145 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.717272 Text en Copyright © 2021 Li, Chen, Wang, Li, Liu, Tu, Chen, Zong, Zhang, Wang and Liu. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Li, Hongyu
Chen, Hongwei
Wang, Jiao
Li, Jiayao
Liu, Sitong
Tu, Jianbo
Chen, Yanzhen
Zong, Yanping
Zhang, Pingping
Wang, Zhiyun
Liu, Xianhua
Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title_full Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title_fullStr Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title_full_unstemmed Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title_short Influence of Microplastics on the Growth and the Intestinal Microbiota Composition of Brine Shrimp
title_sort influence of microplastics on the growth and the intestinal microbiota composition of brine shrimp
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511709/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659145
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.717272
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