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Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica
Sap-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera associate with obligate endosymbionts that are required for survival and facultative endosymbionts that can potentially modify resistance to stress, enemies, development, and reproduction. In the superfamily Psylloidea, the jumping plant lice (psyllids), le...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659173 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.739763 |
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author | Kwak, Younghwan Sun, Penglin Meduri, Venkata RamaSravani Percy, Diana M. Mauck, Kerry E. Hansen, Allison K. |
author_facet | Kwak, Younghwan Sun, Penglin Meduri, Venkata RamaSravani Percy, Diana M. Mauck, Kerry E. Hansen, Allison K. |
author_sort | Kwak, Younghwan |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sap-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera associate with obligate endosymbionts that are required for survival and facultative endosymbionts that can potentially modify resistance to stress, enemies, development, and reproduction. In the superfamily Psylloidea, the jumping plant lice (psyllids), less is known about the diversity and prevalence of their endosymbionts compared to other sap-feeding pests such as aphids (Aphididae). To address this knowledge gap, using 16S rRNA sequencing we identify symbionts across divergent psyllid host lineages from around the world. Taking advantage of a new comprehensive phylogenomic analyses of Psylloidea, we included psyllid samples from 44 species of 35 genera of five families, collected from 11 international locations for this study. Across psyllid lineages, a total of 91 OTUs were recovered, predominantly of the Enterobacteriaceae (68%). The diversity of endosymbionts harbored by each psyllid species was low with an average of approximately 3 OTUs. Two clades of endosymbionts (clade 1 and 2), belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, were identified that appear to be long term endosymbionts of the psyllid families Triozidae and Psyllidae, respectively. We also conducted high throughput metagenomic sequencing on three Ca. Liberibacter infected psyllid species (Russelliana capsici, Trichochermes walkeri, and Macrohomotoma gladiata), initially identified from 16S rRNA sequencing, to obtain more genomic information on these putative Liberibacter plant pathogens. The phylogenomic analyses from these data identified a new Ca. Liberibacter species, Candidatus Liberibacter capsica, that is a potential pathogen of solanaceous crops. This new species shares a distant ancestor with Ca. L. americanus, which occurs in the same range as R. capsici in South America. We also detected the first association between a psyllid specializing on woody hosts and the Liberibacter species Ca. L. psyllaurous, which is a globally distributed pathogen of herbaceous crop hosts in the Solanaceae. Finally, we detected a potential association between a psyllid pest of figs (M. gladiata) and a Ca. Liberibacter related to Ca. L. asiaticus, which causes severe disease in citrus. Our findings reveal a wider diversity of associations between facultative symbionts and psyllids than previously reported and suggest numerous avenues for future work to clarify novel associations of ecological, evolutionary, and pathogenic interest. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8511784 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85117842021-10-14 Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica Kwak, Younghwan Sun, Penglin Meduri, Venkata RamaSravani Percy, Diana M. Mauck, Kerry E. Hansen, Allison K. Front Microbiol Microbiology Sap-feeding insects in the order Hemiptera associate with obligate endosymbionts that are required for survival and facultative endosymbionts that can potentially modify resistance to stress, enemies, development, and reproduction. In the superfamily Psylloidea, the jumping plant lice (psyllids), less is known about the diversity and prevalence of their endosymbionts compared to other sap-feeding pests such as aphids (Aphididae). To address this knowledge gap, using 16S rRNA sequencing we identify symbionts across divergent psyllid host lineages from around the world. Taking advantage of a new comprehensive phylogenomic analyses of Psylloidea, we included psyllid samples from 44 species of 35 genera of five families, collected from 11 international locations for this study. Across psyllid lineages, a total of 91 OTUs were recovered, predominantly of the Enterobacteriaceae (68%). The diversity of endosymbionts harbored by each psyllid species was low with an average of approximately 3 OTUs. Two clades of endosymbionts (clade 1 and 2), belonging to Enterobacteriaceae, were identified that appear to be long term endosymbionts of the psyllid families Triozidae and Psyllidae, respectively. We also conducted high throughput metagenomic sequencing on three Ca. Liberibacter infected psyllid species (Russelliana capsici, Trichochermes walkeri, and Macrohomotoma gladiata), initially identified from 16S rRNA sequencing, to obtain more genomic information on these putative Liberibacter plant pathogens. The phylogenomic analyses from these data identified a new Ca. Liberibacter species, Candidatus Liberibacter capsica, that is a potential pathogen of solanaceous crops. This new species shares a distant ancestor with Ca. L. americanus, which occurs in the same range as R. capsici in South America. We also detected the first association between a psyllid specializing on woody hosts and the Liberibacter species Ca. L. psyllaurous, which is a globally distributed pathogen of herbaceous crop hosts in the Solanaceae. Finally, we detected a potential association between a psyllid pest of figs (M. gladiata) and a Ca. Liberibacter related to Ca. L. asiaticus, which causes severe disease in citrus. Our findings reveal a wider diversity of associations between facultative symbionts and psyllids than previously reported and suggest numerous avenues for future work to clarify novel associations of ecological, evolutionary, and pathogenic interest. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8511784/ /pubmed/34659173 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.739763 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kwak, Sun, Meduri, Percy, Mauck and Hansen. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Microbiology Kwak, Younghwan Sun, Penglin Meduri, Venkata RamaSravani Percy, Diana M. Mauck, Kerry E. Hansen, Allison K. Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title | Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title_full | Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title_fullStr | Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title_full_unstemmed | Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title_short | Uncovering Symbionts Across the Psyllid Tree of Life and the Discovery of a New Liberibacter Species, “Candidatus” Liberibacter capsica |
title_sort | uncovering symbionts across the psyllid tree of life and the discovery of a new liberibacter species, “candidatus” liberibacter capsica |
topic | Microbiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511784/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659173 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2021.739763 |
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