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Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer

Topology control is one of the most essential technologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs); it constructs networks with certain characteristics through the usage of some approaches, such as power control and channel assignment, thereby reducing the inter-nodes interference and the energy consumpt...

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Autores principales: Qiao, Gang, Liu, Qipei, Liu, Songzuo, Muhammad, Bilal, Wen, Menghua
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196548
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author Qiao, Gang
Liu, Qipei
Liu, Songzuo
Muhammad, Bilal
Wen, Menghua
author_facet Qiao, Gang
Liu, Qipei
Liu, Songzuo
Muhammad, Bilal
Wen, Menghua
author_sort Qiao, Gang
collection PubMed
description Topology control is one of the most essential technologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs); it constructs networks with certain characteristics through the usage of some approaches, such as power control and channel assignment, thereby reducing the inter-nodes interference and the energy consumption of the network. It is closely related to the efficiency of upper layer protocols, especially MAC and routing protocols, which are the same as underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Directional antenna technology (directional transducer in UASNs) has great advantages in minimizing interference and conserving energy by restraining the beamforming range. It enables nodes to communicate with only intended neighbors; nevertheless, additional problems emerge, such as how to guarantee the connectivity of the network. This paper focuses on the connectivity problem of UASNs equipped with tri-modal directional transducers, where the orientation of a transducer is stabilized after the network is set up. To efficiently minimize the total network energy consumption under constraint of connectivity, the problem is formulated to a minimum network cost transducer orientation (MNCTO) problem and is provided a reduction from the Hamiltonian path problem in hexagonal grid graphs (HPHGG), which is proved to be NP-complete. Furthermore, a heuristic greedy algorithm is proposed for MNCTO. The simulation evaluation results in a contrast with its omni-mode peer, showing that the proposed algorithm greatly reduces the network energy consumption by up to nearly half on the premise of satisfying connectivity.
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spelling pubmed-85119992021-10-14 Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer Qiao, Gang Liu, Qipei Liu, Songzuo Muhammad, Bilal Wen, Menghua Sensors (Basel) Article Topology control is one of the most essential technologies in wireless sensor networks (WSNs); it constructs networks with certain characteristics through the usage of some approaches, such as power control and channel assignment, thereby reducing the inter-nodes interference and the energy consumption of the network. It is closely related to the efficiency of upper layer protocols, especially MAC and routing protocols, which are the same as underwater acoustic sensor networks (UASNs). Directional antenna technology (directional transducer in UASNs) has great advantages in minimizing interference and conserving energy by restraining the beamforming range. It enables nodes to communicate with only intended neighbors; nevertheless, additional problems emerge, such as how to guarantee the connectivity of the network. This paper focuses on the connectivity problem of UASNs equipped with tri-modal directional transducers, where the orientation of a transducer is stabilized after the network is set up. To efficiently minimize the total network energy consumption under constraint of connectivity, the problem is formulated to a minimum network cost transducer orientation (MNCTO) problem and is provided a reduction from the Hamiltonian path problem in hexagonal grid graphs (HPHGG), which is proved to be NP-complete. Furthermore, a heuristic greedy algorithm is proposed for MNCTO. The simulation evaluation results in a contrast with its omni-mode peer, showing that the proposed algorithm greatly reduces the network energy consumption by up to nearly half on the premise of satisfying connectivity. MDPI 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8511999/ /pubmed/34640860 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196548 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Qiao, Gang
Liu, Qipei
Liu, Songzuo
Muhammad, Bilal
Wen, Menghua
Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title_full Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title_fullStr Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title_full_unstemmed Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title_short Symmetric Connectivity of Underwater Acoustic Sensor Networks Based on Multi-Modal Directional Transducer
title_sort symmetric connectivity of underwater acoustic sensor networks based on multi-modal directional transducer
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8511999/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640860
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196548
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