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Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization
Endovascular glue embolization is a minimally invasive technique used to selectively reduce or block the blood supply to specific targeted vessels. Cyanoacrylate glues, mixed with radiopaque iodized oil, have been widely used for vascular embolization owing to their rapid polymerization rate, good p...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512224/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34641176 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193362 |
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author | Li, Yongjiang Xiao, Lei Wang, Zian Chen, Kejie Xue, Chundong Yu, Miao Wang, Yu Kong, Fanyi Liu, Kun Qin, Kairong |
author_facet | Li, Yongjiang Xiao, Lei Wang, Zian Chen, Kejie Xue, Chundong Yu, Miao Wang, Yu Kong, Fanyi Liu, Kun Qin, Kairong |
author_sort | Li, Yongjiang |
collection | PubMed |
description | Endovascular glue embolization is a minimally invasive technique used to selectively reduce or block the blood supply to specific targeted vessels. Cyanoacrylate glues, mixed with radiopaque iodized oil, have been widely used for vascular embolization owing to their rapid polymerization rate, good penetration ability and low tissue toxicity. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, the selection of the glue–oil proportion and the manual injection process of mixtures are mostly based on empirical knowledge of operators, as the crucial physicochemical effect of polymerization kinetics has rarely been quantitatively investigated. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy is used for studying the polymerization kinetics of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate-based glues mixed with an iodized oil. To simulate the polymerization process during embolization, glue–oil mixtures upon contact with a protein ionic solution mimicking blood plasma are manually constructed and their polymerization kinetics are systematically characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of polymerization kinetics of cyanoacrylate-based embolic glues. The polymerization process of cyanoacrylate-based mixtures consists of a fast polymerization phase followed by a slow phase. The propagation velocity and polymerization time primarily depend on the glue concentrations. The commonly used 50% mixture polymerizes 1 mm over ∼21.8 s, while it takes ∼51 min to extend to 5 mm. The results provide essential information for interventional radiologists to help them understand the polymerization kinetics of embolic glues and thus regulate the polymerization rate for effective embolization. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8512224 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85122242021-10-14 Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization Li, Yongjiang Xiao, Lei Wang, Zian Chen, Kejie Xue, Chundong Yu, Miao Wang, Yu Kong, Fanyi Liu, Kun Qin, Kairong Polymers (Basel) Article Endovascular glue embolization is a minimally invasive technique used to selectively reduce or block the blood supply to specific targeted vessels. Cyanoacrylate glues, mixed with radiopaque iodized oil, have been widely used for vascular embolization owing to their rapid polymerization rate, good penetration ability and low tissue toxicity. Nevertheless, in clinical practice, the selection of the glue–oil proportion and the manual injection process of mixtures are mostly based on empirical knowledge of operators, as the crucial physicochemical effect of polymerization kinetics has rarely been quantitatively investigated. In this study, the Raman spectroscopy is used for studying the polymerization kinetics of n-butyl-cyanoacrylate-based glues mixed with an iodized oil. To simulate the polymerization process during embolization, glue–oil mixtures upon contact with a protein ionic solution mimicking blood plasma are manually constructed and their polymerization kinetics are systematically characterized by Raman spectroscopy. The results demonstrate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy in the characterization of polymerization kinetics of cyanoacrylate-based embolic glues. The polymerization process of cyanoacrylate-based mixtures consists of a fast polymerization phase followed by a slow phase. The propagation velocity and polymerization time primarily depend on the glue concentrations. The commonly used 50% mixture polymerizes 1 mm over ∼21.8 s, while it takes ∼51 min to extend to 5 mm. The results provide essential information for interventional radiologists to help them understand the polymerization kinetics of embolic glues and thus regulate the polymerization rate for effective embolization. MDPI 2021-09-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8512224/ /pubmed/34641176 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193362 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Yongjiang Xiao, Lei Wang, Zian Chen, Kejie Xue, Chundong Yu, Miao Wang, Yu Kong, Fanyi Liu, Kun Qin, Kairong Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title | Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title_full | Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title_fullStr | Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title_full_unstemmed | Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title_short | Raman Spectroscopic Characterization of Polymerization Kinetics of Cyanoacrylate Embolic Glues for Vascular Embolization |
title_sort | raman spectroscopic characterization of polymerization kinetics of cyanoacrylate embolic glues for vascular embolization |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512224/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34641176 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193362 |
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