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Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing
The aim of this research is to determine the relaxation and creep modulus of 3D printed materials, and the numerical research is based on the finite volume method. The basic material for determining these characteristics is ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic as one of the most widely used...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34641092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193276 |
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author | Ibrulj, Jusuf Dzaferovic, Ejub Obucina, Murco Kuzman, Manja Kitek |
author_facet | Ibrulj, Jusuf Dzaferovic, Ejub Obucina, Murco Kuzman, Manja Kitek |
author_sort | Ibrulj, Jusuf |
collection | PubMed |
description | The aim of this research is to determine the relaxation and creep modulus of 3D printed materials, and the numerical research is based on the finite volume method. The basic material for determining these characteristics is ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic as one of the most widely used polymeric materials in 3D printing. The experimental method for determining the relaxation functions involved the use of a creep test, in which a constant increase of the stress of the material was performed over time to a certain predetermined value. In addition to this test, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) analysis was used. Determination of unknown parameters of relaxation functions in analytical form was performed on the basis of the expression for the storage modulus in the frequency domain. The influence of temperature on the values of the relaxation modulus is considered through the determination of the shift factor. Shift factor is determined on the basis of a series of tests of the relaxation function at different constant temperatures. The shift factor is presented in the form of the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) equation. After obtaining such experimentally determined viscoelastic characteristics with analytical expressions for relaxation modulus and shift factors, numerical analysis can be performed. For this numerical analysis, a mathematical model with an incremental approach was used, as developed in earlier works although with a certain modification. In the experimental analysis, the analytical expression for relaxation modulus in the form of the Prony series is used, and since it is the sum of exponential functions, this enables the derivation of a recursive algorithm for stress calculation. Numerical analysis was performed on several test cases and the results were compared with the results of the experiment and available analytical solutions. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical simulation and the results of the experiment and analytical solutions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8512708 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85127082021-10-14 Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing Ibrulj, Jusuf Dzaferovic, Ejub Obucina, Murco Kuzman, Manja Kitek Polymers (Basel) Article The aim of this research is to determine the relaxation and creep modulus of 3D printed materials, and the numerical research is based on the finite volume method. The basic material for determining these characteristics is ABS (acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) plastic as one of the most widely used polymeric materials in 3D printing. The experimental method for determining the relaxation functions involved the use of a creep test, in which a constant increase of the stress of the material was performed over time to a certain predetermined value. In addition to this test, DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis) analysis was used. Determination of unknown parameters of relaxation functions in analytical form was performed on the basis of the expression for the storage modulus in the frequency domain. The influence of temperature on the values of the relaxation modulus is considered through the determination of the shift factor. Shift factor is determined on the basis of a series of tests of the relaxation function at different constant temperatures. The shift factor is presented in the form of the WLF (Williams-Landel-Ferry) equation. After obtaining such experimentally determined viscoelastic characteristics with analytical expressions for relaxation modulus and shift factors, numerical analysis can be performed. For this numerical analysis, a mathematical model with an incremental approach was used, as developed in earlier works although with a certain modification. In the experimental analysis, the analytical expression for relaxation modulus in the form of the Prony series is used, and since it is the sum of exponential functions, this enables the derivation of a recursive algorithm for stress calculation. Numerical analysis was performed on several test cases and the results were compared with the results of the experiment and available analytical solutions. A good agreement was obtained between the results of the numerical simulation and the results of the experiment and analytical solutions. MDPI 2021-09-25 /pmc/articles/PMC8512708/ /pubmed/34641092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193276 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ibrulj, Jusuf Dzaferovic, Ejub Obucina, Murco Kuzman, Manja Kitek Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title | Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title_full | Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title_fullStr | Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title_full_unstemmed | Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title_short | Numerical and Experimental Investigations of Polymer Viscoelastic Materials Obtained by 3D Printing |
title_sort | numerical and experimental investigations of polymer viscoelastic materials obtained by 3d printing |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512708/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34641092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13193276 |
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