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A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA †
This paper presents an analog front-end for fine-dust detection systems with a 77-dB-wide dynamic range and a dual-mode ultra-low noise TIA with 142-dBΩ towards the maximum gain. The required high sensitivity of the analog signal conditioning path dictates having a high sensitivity at the front-end...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196360 |
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author | Rad, Reza E. Hejazi, Arash Asl, Seyed-Ali H. Shehzad, Khuram Verma, Deeksha Kim, SungJin Rikan, Behnam S. Pu, YoungGun Kim, Joon Tae Hwang, Keum Cheol Yang, Youngoo Lee, Kang-Yoon |
author_facet | Rad, Reza E. Hejazi, Arash Asl, Seyed-Ali H. Shehzad, Khuram Verma, Deeksha Kim, SungJin Rikan, Behnam S. Pu, YoungGun Kim, Joon Tae Hwang, Keum Cheol Yang, Youngoo Lee, Kang-Yoon |
author_sort | Rad, Reza E. |
collection | PubMed |
description | This paper presents an analog front-end for fine-dust detection systems with a 77-dB-wide dynamic range and a dual-mode ultra-low noise TIA with 142-dBΩ towards the maximum gain. The required high sensitivity of the analog signal conditioning path dictates having a high sensitivity at the front-end while the Input-Referred Noise (IRN) is kept low. Therefore, a TIA with a high sensitivity to detected current bio-signals is provided by a photodiode module. The analog front end is formed by the TIA, a DC-Offset Cancellation (DCOC) circuit, a Single-to-Differential Amplifier (SDA), and two Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGAs). Gain adjustment is implemented by a coarse-gain-step using selective loads with four different gain values and fine-gain steps by 42 dB dynamic range during 16 fine steps. The settling time of the TIA is compensated using a capacitive compensation which is applied for the last stage. An off-state circuitry is proposed to avoid any off-current leakage. This TIA is designed in a 0.18 µm standard CMOS technology. Post-layout simulations show a high gain operation with a 67 dB dynamic range, input-referred noise, less than 600 fA/√Hz in low frequencies, and less than 27 fA/√Hz at 20 kHz, a minimum detectable current signal of 4 pA, and a 2.71 mW power consumption. After measuring the full path of the analog signal conditioning path, the experimental results of the fabricated chip show a maximum gain of 142 dB for the TIA. The Single-to-Differential Amplifier delivers a differential waveform with a unity gain. The PGA1 and PGA2 show a maximum gain of 6.7 dB and 6.3 dB, respectively. The full-path analog front-end shows a wide dynamic range of up to 77 dB in the measurement results. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8512889 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85128892021-10-14 A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † Rad, Reza E. Hejazi, Arash Asl, Seyed-Ali H. Shehzad, Khuram Verma, Deeksha Kim, SungJin Rikan, Behnam S. Pu, YoungGun Kim, Joon Tae Hwang, Keum Cheol Yang, Youngoo Lee, Kang-Yoon Sensors (Basel) Communication This paper presents an analog front-end for fine-dust detection systems with a 77-dB-wide dynamic range and a dual-mode ultra-low noise TIA with 142-dBΩ towards the maximum gain. The required high sensitivity of the analog signal conditioning path dictates having a high sensitivity at the front-end while the Input-Referred Noise (IRN) is kept low. Therefore, a TIA with a high sensitivity to detected current bio-signals is provided by a photodiode module. The analog front end is formed by the TIA, a DC-Offset Cancellation (DCOC) circuit, a Single-to-Differential Amplifier (SDA), and two Programmable Gain Amplifiers (PGAs). Gain adjustment is implemented by a coarse-gain-step using selective loads with four different gain values and fine-gain steps by 42 dB dynamic range during 16 fine steps. The settling time of the TIA is compensated using a capacitive compensation which is applied for the last stage. An off-state circuitry is proposed to avoid any off-current leakage. This TIA is designed in a 0.18 µm standard CMOS technology. Post-layout simulations show a high gain operation with a 67 dB dynamic range, input-referred noise, less than 600 fA/√Hz in low frequencies, and less than 27 fA/√Hz at 20 kHz, a minimum detectable current signal of 4 pA, and a 2.71 mW power consumption. After measuring the full path of the analog signal conditioning path, the experimental results of the fabricated chip show a maximum gain of 142 dB for the TIA. The Single-to-Differential Amplifier delivers a differential waveform with a unity gain. The PGA1 and PGA2 show a maximum gain of 6.7 dB and 6.3 dB, respectively. The full-path analog front-end shows a wide dynamic range of up to 77 dB in the measurement results. MDPI 2021-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC8512889/ /pubmed/34640682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196360 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Rad, Reza E. Hejazi, Arash Asl, Seyed-Ali H. Shehzad, Khuram Verma, Deeksha Kim, SungJin Rikan, Behnam S. Pu, YoungGun Kim, Joon Tae Hwang, Keum Cheol Yang, Youngoo Lee, Kang-Yoon A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title | A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title_full | A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title_fullStr | A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title_full_unstemmed | A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title_short | A 77-dB Dynamic-Range Analog Front-End for Fine-Dust Detection Systems with Dual-Mode Ultra-Low Noise TIA † |
title_sort | 77-db dynamic-range analog front-end for fine-dust detection systems with dual-mode ultra-low noise tia † |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8512889/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34640682 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21196360 |
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