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Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invas...

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Autores principales: Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya, Tranchot-Diallo, Juliette, Zongo, Issaka, Kabore, Nongodo Firmin, Nikièma, Frédéric, Yerbanga, Rakiswende Serge, Tinto, Halidou, Chandramohan, Daniel, Ouedraogo, Georges-Anicet, Greenwood, Brian, Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34644317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257190
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author Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya
Tranchot-Diallo, Juliette
Zongo, Issaka
Kabore, Nongodo Firmin
Nikièma, Frédéric
Yerbanga, Rakiswende Serge
Tinto, Halidou
Chandramohan, Daniel
Ouedraogo, Georges-Anicet
Greenwood, Brian
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco
author_facet Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya
Tranchot-Diallo, Juliette
Zongo, Issaka
Kabore, Nongodo Firmin
Nikièma, Frédéric
Yerbanga, Rakiswende Serge
Tinto, Halidou
Chandramohan, Daniel
Ouedraogo, Georges-Anicet
Greenwood, Brian
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco
author_sort Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya
collection PubMed
description Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01], p = 0.020). Azithromycin resistance found in isolates of S. aureus did not differ significantly before and after intervention (26.42% [14/53] vs 16.46% [13/79], (PR = 0.62 [0.32; 1.23], p = 0.172). Penicillin resistance was very pronounced, 88.68% and 96.20% in pre-intervention and in post-intervention isolates respectively, but very little Methicillin Resistance (MRSA) was detected (2 cases before and 2 cases after intervention). Monitoring antibiotic resistance in S. aureus and other bacteria is especially important in Burkina Faso due to unregulated consumption of antibiotics putting children and others at risk.
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spelling pubmed-85138932021-10-14 Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya Tranchot-Diallo, Juliette Zongo, Issaka Kabore, Nongodo Firmin Nikièma, Frédéric Yerbanga, Rakiswende Serge Tinto, Halidou Chandramohan, Daniel Ouedraogo, Georges-Anicet Greenwood, Brian Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco PLoS One Research Article Staphylococcus aureus is a major cause of serious illness and death in children, indicating the need to monitor prevalent strains, particularly in the vulnerable pediatric population. Nasal carriage of S. aureus is important as carriers have an increased risk of serious illness due to systemic invasion by this pathogen and can transmit the infection. Recent studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of azithromycin in reducing the prevalence of nasopharyngeal carrying of pneumococci, which are often implicated in respiratory infections in children. However, very few studies of the impact of azithromycin on staphylococci have been undertaken. During a clinical trial under taken in 2016, nasal swabs were collected from 778 children aged 3 to 59 months including 385 children who were swabbed before administration of azithromycin or placebo and 393 after administration of azithromycin or placebo. Azithromycin was given in a dose of 100 mg for three days, together with the antimalarials sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and amodiaquine, on four occasions at monthly intervals during the malaria transmission season. These samples were cultured for S. aureus as well as for the pneumococcus. The S. aureus isolates were tested for their susceptibility to azithromycin (15 g), penicillin (10 IU), and cefoxitine (30 g) (Oxoid Ltd). S. aureus was isolated from 13.77% (53/385) swabs before administration of azithromycin and from 20.10% (79/393) six months after administration (PR = 1.46 [1.06; 2.01], p = 0.020). Azithromycin resistance found in isolates of S. aureus did not differ significantly before and after intervention (26.42% [14/53] vs 16.46% [13/79], (PR = 0.62 [0.32; 1.23], p = 0.172). Penicillin resistance was very pronounced, 88.68% and 96.20% in pre-intervention and in post-intervention isolates respectively, but very little Methicillin Resistance (MRSA) was detected (2 cases before and 2 cases after intervention). Monitoring antibiotic resistance in S. aureus and other bacteria is especially important in Burkina Faso due to unregulated consumption of antibiotics putting children and others at risk. Public Library of Science 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8513893/ /pubmed/34644317 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257190 Text en © 2021 Hema-Ouangraoua et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Hema-Ouangraoua, Soumeya
Tranchot-Diallo, Juliette
Zongo, Issaka
Kabore, Nongodo Firmin
Nikièma, Frédéric
Yerbanga, Rakiswende Serge
Tinto, Halidou
Chandramohan, Daniel
Ouedraogo, Georges-Anicet
Greenwood, Brian
Ouedraogo, Jean-Bosco
Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title_full Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title_fullStr Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title_full_unstemmed Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title_short Impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus
title_sort impact of mass administration of azithromycin as a preventive treatment on the prevalence and resistance of nasopharyngeal carriage of staphylococcus aureus
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8513893/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34644317
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257190
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