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Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1

BACKGROUND: Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV1) is a type of neurotropic virus able to infect various species. However, the clinical cases of human SHV1 encephalitis are still rarely reported, and the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of human SHV1 encephalitis are still unclear. METHODS...

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Autores principales: Zhou, Yiyi, Nie, Chong, Wen, Han, Long, Yong, Zhou, Meihong, Xie, Zunchun, Hong, Daojun
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer International Publishing 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8514202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34647219
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05633-0
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author Zhou, Yiyi
Nie, Chong
Wen, Han
Long, Yong
Zhou, Meihong
Xie, Zunchun
Hong, Daojun
author_facet Zhou, Yiyi
Nie, Chong
Wen, Han
Long, Yong
Zhou, Meihong
Xie, Zunchun
Hong, Daojun
author_sort Zhou, Yiyi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV1) is a type of neurotropic virus able to infect various species. However, the clinical cases of human SHV1 encephalitis are still rarely reported, and the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of human SHV1 encephalitis are still unclear. METHODS: In this study, we reported 2 cases of human encephalitis associated with SHV1 infection and reviewed the other 18 cases from the literatures. A total of 20 cases with human SHV1 encephalitis were summarized and re-analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen of 20 patients had a history of swine-related occupational exposure before illness onset. All patients initially presented with influenza-like symptoms and then developed seizures, disturbed consciousness, and endophthalmitis. All patients with clinical outcome of modified Rankin Scale of 5 or 6 suffered from rapid progressive respiratory failure. The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated aseptic or viral infection. MRI findings of SHV1 encephalitis were prone to distribute in temporal-frontal and insular cortex, which was similar to the pattern of herpes simplex virus encephalitis, while some cases with involvements of gray matter nuclei had a high rate of mortality. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed that all patients had unique SHV1 sequences with variable reads in the CSF. CONCLUSIONS: The variant SHV1 can cause a new type of human viral encephalitis, characterized by acute, fulminating, and catastrophic central nervous system infection. Rapid progressive respiratory failure and extensive lesions of deep gray matter nuclei might be indicators to poor prognosis. No approved treatments for the encephalitis are available, but it is possible to diagnose encephalitis quickly by mNGS. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05633-0.
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spelling pubmed-85142022021-10-14 Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1 Zhou, Yiyi Nie, Chong Wen, Han Long, Yong Zhou, Meihong Xie, Zunchun Hong, Daojun Neurol Sci Original Article BACKGROUND: Suid herpesvirus type 1 (SHV1) is a type of neurotropic virus able to infect various species. However, the clinical cases of human SHV1 encephalitis are still rarely reported, and the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of human SHV1 encephalitis are still unclear. METHODS: In this study, we reported 2 cases of human encephalitis associated with SHV1 infection and reviewed the other 18 cases from the literatures. A total of 20 cases with human SHV1 encephalitis were summarized and re-analyzed. RESULTS: Nineteen of 20 patients had a history of swine-related occupational exposure before illness onset. All patients initially presented with influenza-like symptoms and then developed seizures, disturbed consciousness, and endophthalmitis. All patients with clinical outcome of modified Rankin Scale of 5 or 6 suffered from rapid progressive respiratory failure. The results of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) indicated aseptic or viral infection. MRI findings of SHV1 encephalitis were prone to distribute in temporal-frontal and insular cortex, which was similar to the pattern of herpes simplex virus encephalitis, while some cases with involvements of gray matter nuclei had a high rate of mortality. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) revealed that all patients had unique SHV1 sequences with variable reads in the CSF. CONCLUSIONS: The variant SHV1 can cause a new type of human viral encephalitis, characterized by acute, fulminating, and catastrophic central nervous system infection. Rapid progressive respiratory failure and extensive lesions of deep gray matter nuclei might be indicators to poor prognosis. No approved treatments for the encephalitis are available, but it is possible to diagnose encephalitis quickly by mNGS. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10072-021-05633-0. Springer International Publishing 2021-10-13 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8514202/ /pubmed/34647219 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05633-0 Text en © Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia 2021 This article is made available via the PMC Open Access Subset for unrestricted research re-use and secondary analysis in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for the duration of the World Health Organization (WHO) declaration of COVID-19 as a global pandemic.
spellingShingle Original Article
Zhou, Yiyi
Nie, Chong
Wen, Han
Long, Yong
Zhou, Meihong
Xie, Zunchun
Hong, Daojun
Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title_full Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title_fullStr Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title_full_unstemmed Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title_short Human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
title_sort human viral encephalitis associated with suid herpesvirus 1
topic Original Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8514202/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34647219
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10072-021-05633-0
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