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Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin
The association between the footwear microclimate and microbial community on the foot plantar skin was investigated by experiments with three participants. Novel methods were developed for measuring in-shoe temperature and humidity at five footwear regions, as well as the overall ventilation rate in...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8514438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34645918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99865-x |
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author | Miao, Te Wang, Peihua Zhang, Nan Li, Yuguo |
author_facet | Miao, Te Wang, Peihua Zhang, Nan Li, Yuguo |
author_sort | Miao, Te |
collection | PubMed |
description | The association between the footwear microclimate and microbial community on the foot plantar skin was investigated by experiments with three participants. Novel methods were developed for measuring in-shoe temperature and humidity at five footwear regions, as well as the overall ventilation rate inside the footwear. Three types of footwear were tested including casual shoes, running shoes, and perforated shoes for pairwise comparison of footwear microclimate and corresponding microbial community on the skin. The major findings are as follows: (1) footwear types make a significant difference to in-shoe temperature at the instep region with the casual shoes sustaining the warmest of all types; (2) significant differences were observed in local internal absolute humidity between footwear types, with the casual shoes sustaining the highest level of humidity at most regions; (3) the perforated shoes provided the highest ventilation rate, followed by running and casual shoes, and the faster the gait, the larger the discrepancy in ventilation rate between footwear types; (4) the casual shoes seemed to provide the most favorable internal environment for bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin; and (5) the bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin showed a positive linear correlation with the in-shoe temperature and absolute humidity, and a negative linear correlation with the ventilation rate. The ventilation rate seemed to be a more reliable indicator of the bacterial growth. Above all, we can conclude that footwear microclimate varies in footwear types, which makes contributions to the bacterial growth on the foot plantar skin. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8514438 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85144382021-10-14 Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin Miao, Te Wang, Peihua Zhang, Nan Li, Yuguo Sci Rep Article The association between the footwear microclimate and microbial community on the foot plantar skin was investigated by experiments with three participants. Novel methods were developed for measuring in-shoe temperature and humidity at five footwear regions, as well as the overall ventilation rate inside the footwear. Three types of footwear were tested including casual shoes, running shoes, and perforated shoes for pairwise comparison of footwear microclimate and corresponding microbial community on the skin. The major findings are as follows: (1) footwear types make a significant difference to in-shoe temperature at the instep region with the casual shoes sustaining the warmest of all types; (2) significant differences were observed in local internal absolute humidity between footwear types, with the casual shoes sustaining the highest level of humidity at most regions; (3) the perforated shoes provided the highest ventilation rate, followed by running and casual shoes, and the faster the gait, the larger the discrepancy in ventilation rate between footwear types; (4) the casual shoes seemed to provide the most favorable internal environment for bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin; and (5) the bacterial growth at the distal plantar skin showed a positive linear correlation with the in-shoe temperature and absolute humidity, and a negative linear correlation with the ventilation rate. The ventilation rate seemed to be a more reliable indicator of the bacterial growth. Above all, we can conclude that footwear microclimate varies in footwear types, which makes contributions to the bacterial growth on the foot plantar skin. Nature Publishing Group UK 2021-10-13 /pmc/articles/PMC8514438/ /pubmed/34645918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99865-x Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Article Miao, Te Wang, Peihua Zhang, Nan Li, Yuguo Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title | Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title_full | Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title_fullStr | Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title_full_unstemmed | Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title_short | Footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
title_sort | footwear microclimate and its effects on the microbial community of the plantar skin |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8514438/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34645918 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-99865-x |
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