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Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa
Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has developed several resistance mechanisms. The bacteria have been reported as origin of multiple outbreaks. This study aims to investigate the use of efflux pumps and quinolone resistance-associated genotypic mutations as mechanisms of resistance in A. bauman...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Hindawi
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516574/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923816 |
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author | Nogbou, Noel-David Nkawane, Granny M. Ntshane, Khanyisa Wairuri, Charles K. Phofa, Dikwata T. Mokgokong, Kagiso K. Ramashia, Mbudzeni Nchabeleng, Maphoshane Obi, Lawrence C. Musyoki, Andrew M. |
author_facet | Nogbou, Noel-David Nkawane, Granny M. Ntshane, Khanyisa Wairuri, Charles K. Phofa, Dikwata T. Mokgokong, Kagiso K. Ramashia, Mbudzeni Nchabeleng, Maphoshane Obi, Lawrence C. Musyoki, Andrew M. |
author_sort | Nogbou, Noel-David |
collection | PubMed |
description | Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has developed several resistance mechanisms. The bacteria have been reported as origin of multiple outbreaks. This study aims to investigate the use of efflux pumps and quinolone resistance-associated genotypic mutations as mechanisms of resistance in A. baumannii isolates at a tertiary hospital. A total number of 103 A. baumannii isolates were investigated after identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by VITEK2 followed by PCR amplification of bla(OXA-51). Conventional PCR amplification of the AdeABC efflux pump (adeB, adeS, and adeR) and quinolone (parC and gyrA) resistance genes were performed, followed by quantitative real-time PCR of AdeABC efflux pump genes. Phenotypic evaluation of efflux pump expression was performed by determining the difference between the MIC of tigecycline before and after exposure to an efflux pump inhibitor. The Sanger sequencing method was used to sequence the parC and gyrA amplicons. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using MEGA 4.0 to evaluate evolutionary relatedness of the strains. All the collected isolates were bla(OXA-51)-positive. High resistance to almost all the tested antibiotics was observed. Efflux pump was found in 75% of isolates as a mechanism of resistance. The study detected parC gene mutation in 60% and gyrA gene mutation in 85%, while 37% of isolates had mutations on both genes. A minimal evolutionary distance between the isolates was reported. The use of the AdeABC efflux pump system as an active mechanism of resistance combined with point mutation mainly in gyrA was shown to contribute to broaden the resistance spectrum of A. baumannii isolates. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8516574 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Hindawi |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85165742021-10-15 Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa Nogbou, Noel-David Nkawane, Granny M. Ntshane, Khanyisa Wairuri, Charles K. Phofa, Dikwata T. Mokgokong, Kagiso K. Ramashia, Mbudzeni Nchabeleng, Maphoshane Obi, Lawrence C. Musyoki, Andrew M. Int J Microbiol Research Article Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) has developed several resistance mechanisms. The bacteria have been reported as origin of multiple outbreaks. This study aims to investigate the use of efflux pumps and quinolone resistance-associated genotypic mutations as mechanisms of resistance in A. baumannii isolates at a tertiary hospital. A total number of 103 A. baumannii isolates were investigated after identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing by VITEK2 followed by PCR amplification of bla(OXA-51). Conventional PCR amplification of the AdeABC efflux pump (adeB, adeS, and adeR) and quinolone (parC and gyrA) resistance genes were performed, followed by quantitative real-time PCR of AdeABC efflux pump genes. Phenotypic evaluation of efflux pump expression was performed by determining the difference between the MIC of tigecycline before and after exposure to an efflux pump inhibitor. The Sanger sequencing method was used to sequence the parC and gyrA amplicons. A phylogenetic tree was drawn using MEGA 4.0 to evaluate evolutionary relatedness of the strains. All the collected isolates were bla(OXA-51)-positive. High resistance to almost all the tested antibiotics was observed. Efflux pump was found in 75% of isolates as a mechanism of resistance. The study detected parC gene mutation in 60% and gyrA gene mutation in 85%, while 37% of isolates had mutations on both genes. A minimal evolutionary distance between the isolates was reported. The use of the AdeABC efflux pump system as an active mechanism of resistance combined with point mutation mainly in gyrA was shown to contribute to broaden the resistance spectrum of A. baumannii isolates. Hindawi 2021-10-07 /pmc/articles/PMC8516574/ /pubmed/34659419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923816 Text en Copyright © 2021 Noel-David Nogbou et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Nogbou, Noel-David Nkawane, Granny M. Ntshane, Khanyisa Wairuri, Charles K. Phofa, Dikwata T. Mokgokong, Kagiso K. Ramashia, Mbudzeni Nchabeleng, Maphoshane Obi, Lawrence C. Musyoki, Andrew M. Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title | Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title_full | Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title_fullStr | Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title_full_unstemmed | Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title_short | Efflux Pump Activity and Mutations Driving Multidrug Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii at a Tertiary Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa |
title_sort | efflux pump activity and mutations driving multidrug resistance in acinetobacter baumannii at a tertiary hospital in pretoria, south africa |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516574/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659419 http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9923816 |
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