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Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study

BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. METHOD: A...

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Autores principales: van der Heijden, Heleen S., Schirmbeck, Frederike, Kempton, Matthew J., van der Gaag, Mark, Allot, Kelly, Nelson, Barnaby, Ruhrmann, Stephan, de Haan, Lieuwe, Vermeulen, Jentien M
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Cambridge University Press 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34544507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233
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author van der Heijden, Heleen S.
Schirmbeck, Frederike
Kempton, Matthew J.
van der Gaag, Mark
Allot, Kelly
Nelson, Barnaby
Ruhrmann, Stephan
de Haan, Lieuwe
Vermeulen, Jentien M
author_facet van der Heijden, Heleen S.
Schirmbeck, Frederike
Kempton, Matthew J.
van der Gaag, Mark
Allot, Kelly
Nelson, Barnaby
Ruhrmann, Stephan
de Haan, Lieuwe
Vermeulen, Jentien M
author_sort van der Heijden, Heleen S.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. METHOD: A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. RESULTS: At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. CONCLUSIONS: No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation.
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spelling pubmed-85167432021-10-26 Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study van der Heijden, Heleen S. Schirmbeck, Frederike Kempton, Matthew J. van der Gaag, Mark Allot, Kelly Nelson, Barnaby Ruhrmann, Stephan de Haan, Lieuwe Vermeulen, Jentien M Eur Psychiatry Research Article BACKGROUND: The high prevalence of smoking in individuals who are at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis is well known and moderate cognitive deficits have also been found in UHR. However, the association between smoking and cognition in UHR is unknown and longitudinal studies are lacking. METHOD: A cohort study with 330 UHR individuals and 66 controls was conducted, as part of the European network of national schizophrenia networks studying gene–environment interactions (EU-GEI). At baseline and after 6, 12, and 24 months, smoking behavior was assessed with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview and cognitive functioning with a comprehensive test battery. Linear mixed-effects analyses were used to examine the multicross-sectional and prospective associations between (change in) smoking behavior and cognitive functioning, accounting for confounding variables. RESULTS: At baseline, 53% of UHR and 27% of controls smoked tobacco. Smoking UHR and controls did not significantly differ from nonsmoking counterparts on the tested cognitive domains (speed of processing, attention/vigilance, working memory, verbal learning, or reasoning/problem solving) across different assessment times. Neither smoking cessation nor initiation was associated with a significant change in cognitive functioning in UHR. CONCLUSIONS: No associations were found between smoking and cognitive impairment in UHR nor in controls. However, the fact that one in every two UHR individuals report daily use of tobacco is alarming. Our data suggest that UHR have fewer cognitive impairments and higher smoking cessation rates compared to patients with first-episode psychosis found in literature. Implications to promote smoking cessation in the UHR stage need further investigation. Cambridge University Press 2021-09-21 /pmc/articles/PMC8516743/ /pubmed/34544507 http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Research Article
van der Heijden, Heleen S.
Schirmbeck, Frederike
Kempton, Matthew J.
van der Gaag, Mark
Allot, Kelly
Nelson, Barnaby
Ruhrmann, Stephan
de Haan, Lieuwe
Vermeulen, Jentien M
Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title_full Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title_fullStr Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title_full_unstemmed Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title_short Impact of smoking Behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: A longitudinal study
title_sort impact of smoking behavior on cognitive functioning in persons at risk for psychosis and healthy controls: a longitudinal study
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8516743/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34544507
http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.2233
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