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Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase
Because of the challenges associated with measuring human perception and strategy, the process of human performance from perception to motion to results is not fully understood. Therefore, this study clarifies the phase at which errors occur and how differences in skill level manifest in a motor tas...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697914 |
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author | Hasegawa, Yumiko Okada, Ayako Fujii, Keisuke |
author_facet | Hasegawa, Yumiko Okada, Ayako Fujii, Keisuke |
author_sort | Hasegawa, Yumiko |
collection | PubMed |
description | Because of the challenges associated with measuring human perception and strategy, the process of human performance from perception to motion to results is not fully understood. Therefore, this study clarifies the phase at which errors occur and how differences in skill level manifest in a motor task requiring an accurate environmental perception and fine movement control. We assigned a golf putting task and comprehensively examined various errors committed in five phases of execution. Twelve tour professionals and twelve intermediate amateur golfers performed the putting task on two surface conditions: flat and a 0.4-degree incline. The participants were instructed to describe the topographical characteristics of the green before starting the trials on each surface (environmental perception phase). Before each attempt, the participants used the reflective markers to indicate their aim point from which the ball would be launched (decision-making phase). We measured the clubface angle and impact velocity to highlight the pre-motion and motion errors (pre-motion and motion phase). In addition, mistakes in the final ball position were analyzed as result errors (post-performance phase). Our results showed that more than half of the amateurs committed visual–somatosensory errors in the perception phase. Moreover, their aiming angles in the decision-making phase differed significantly from the professionals, with no significant differences between slope conditions. In addition, alignment errors, as reported in previous studies, occurred in the pre-motion phase regardless of skill level (i.e., increased in the 0.4-degree condition). In the motion phase, the intermediate-level amateurs could not adjust their clubhead velocity control to the appropriate level, and the clubhead velocity and clubface angle control were less reproducible than those of the professionals. To understand the amateur result errors in those who misperceived the slopes, we checked the individual results focusing on the final ball position. We found that most of these participants had poor performance, especially in the 0.4-degree condition. Our results suggest that the amateurs’ pre-motion and strategy errors depended on their visual–somatosensory errors. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8517186 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85171862021-10-16 Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase Hasegawa, Yumiko Okada, Ayako Fujii, Keisuke Front Psychol Psychology Because of the challenges associated with measuring human perception and strategy, the process of human performance from perception to motion to results is not fully understood. Therefore, this study clarifies the phase at which errors occur and how differences in skill level manifest in a motor task requiring an accurate environmental perception and fine movement control. We assigned a golf putting task and comprehensively examined various errors committed in five phases of execution. Twelve tour professionals and twelve intermediate amateur golfers performed the putting task on two surface conditions: flat and a 0.4-degree incline. The participants were instructed to describe the topographical characteristics of the green before starting the trials on each surface (environmental perception phase). Before each attempt, the participants used the reflective markers to indicate their aim point from which the ball would be launched (decision-making phase). We measured the clubface angle and impact velocity to highlight the pre-motion and motion errors (pre-motion and motion phase). In addition, mistakes in the final ball position were analyzed as result errors (post-performance phase). Our results showed that more than half of the amateurs committed visual–somatosensory errors in the perception phase. Moreover, their aiming angles in the decision-making phase differed significantly from the professionals, with no significant differences between slope conditions. In addition, alignment errors, as reported in previous studies, occurred in the pre-motion phase regardless of skill level (i.e., increased in the 0.4-degree condition). In the motion phase, the intermediate-level amateurs could not adjust their clubhead velocity control to the appropriate level, and the clubhead velocity and clubface angle control were less reproducible than those of the professionals. To understand the amateur result errors in those who misperceived the slopes, we checked the individual results focusing on the final ball position. We found that most of these participants had poor performance, especially in the 0.4-degree condition. Our results suggest that the amateurs’ pre-motion and strategy errors depended on their visual–somatosensory errors. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8517186/ /pubmed/34659013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697914 Text en Copyright © 2021 Hasegawa, Okada and Fujii. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Psychology Hasegawa, Yumiko Okada, Ayako Fujii, Keisuke Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title | Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title_full | Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title_fullStr | Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title_full_unstemmed | Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title_short | Skill Differences in a Discrete Motor Task Emerging From the Environmental Perception Phase |
title_sort | skill differences in a discrete motor task emerging from the environmental perception phase |
topic | Psychology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517186/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34659013 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.697914 |
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