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Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study
This study demonstrates the feasibility of a mid-air means of haptic stimulation at a long distance using the plasma effect induced by laser. We hypothesize that the stress wave generated by laser-induced plasma in the air can propagate through the air to reach the nearby human skin and evoke tactil...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517193/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.733423 |
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author | Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, Kyu Beom Lee, Je-Hyeop Jung, Jin-Ju Kim, Ye-Jin Kim, Sung-Phil Choi, Mi-Hyun Yi, Jeong-Han Chung, Soon-Cheol |
author_facet | Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, Kyu Beom Lee, Je-Hyeop Jung, Jin-Ju Kim, Ye-Jin Kim, Sung-Phil Choi, Mi-Hyun Yi, Jeong-Han Chung, Soon-Cheol |
author_sort | Kim, Hyung-Sik |
collection | PubMed |
description | This study demonstrates the feasibility of a mid-air means of haptic stimulation at a long distance using the plasma effect induced by laser. We hypothesize that the stress wave generated by laser-induced plasma in the air can propagate through the air to reach the nearby human skin and evoke tactile sensation. To validate this hypothesis, we investigated somatosensory responses in the human brain to laser plasma stimuli by analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) in 14 participants. Three types of stimuli were provided to the index finger: a plasma stimulus induced from the laser, a mechanical stimulus transferred through Styrofoam stick, and a sham stimulus providing only the sound of the plasma and mechanical stimuli at the same time. The event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/S) of sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) in EEG was analyzed. Every participant verbally reported that they could feel a soft tap on the finger in response to the laser stimulus, but not to the sham stimulus. The spectrogram of EEG evoked by laser stimulation was similar to that evoked by mechanical stimulation; alpha ERD and beta ERS were present over the sensorimotor area in response to laser as well as mechanical stimuli. A decoding analysis revealed that classification error increased when discriminating ERD/S patterns between laser and mechanical stimuli, compared to the case of discriminating between laser and sham, or mechanical and sham stimuli. Our neurophysiological results confirm that tactile sensation can be evoked by the plasma effect induced by laser in the air, which may provide a mid-air haptic stimulation method. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8517193 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85171932021-10-16 Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, Kyu Beom Lee, Je-Hyeop Jung, Jin-Ju Kim, Ye-Jin Kim, Sung-Phil Choi, Mi-Hyun Yi, Jeong-Han Chung, Soon-Cheol Front Neurosci Neuroscience This study demonstrates the feasibility of a mid-air means of haptic stimulation at a long distance using the plasma effect induced by laser. We hypothesize that the stress wave generated by laser-induced plasma in the air can propagate through the air to reach the nearby human skin and evoke tactile sensation. To validate this hypothesis, we investigated somatosensory responses in the human brain to laser plasma stimuli by analyzing electroencephalography (EEG) in 14 participants. Three types of stimuli were provided to the index finger: a plasma stimulus induced from the laser, a mechanical stimulus transferred through Styrofoam stick, and a sham stimulus providing only the sound of the plasma and mechanical stimuli at the same time. The event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/S) of sensorimotor rhythms (SMRs) in EEG was analyzed. Every participant verbally reported that they could feel a soft tap on the finger in response to the laser stimulus, but not to the sham stimulus. The spectrogram of EEG evoked by laser stimulation was similar to that evoked by mechanical stimulation; alpha ERD and beta ERS were present over the sensorimotor area in response to laser as well as mechanical stimuli. A decoding analysis revealed that classification error increased when discriminating ERD/S patterns between laser and mechanical stimuli, compared to the case of discriminating between laser and sham, or mechanical and sham stimuli. Our neurophysiological results confirm that tactile sensation can be evoked by the plasma effect induced by laser in the air, which may provide a mid-air haptic stimulation method. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8517193/ /pubmed/34658771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.733423 Text en Copyright © 2021 Kim, Kim, Lee, Jung, Kim, Kim, Choi, Yi and Chung. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Neuroscience Kim, Hyung-Sik Kim, Kyu Beom Lee, Je-Hyeop Jung, Jin-Ju Kim, Ye-Jin Kim, Sung-Phil Choi, Mi-Hyun Yi, Jeong-Han Chung, Soon-Cheol Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title | Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title_full | Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title_fullStr | Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title_full_unstemmed | Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title_short | Mid-Air Tactile Sensations Evoked by Laser-Induced Plasma: A Neurophysiological Study |
title_sort | mid-air tactile sensations evoked by laser-induced plasma: a neurophysiological study |
topic | Neuroscience |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517193/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658771 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.733423 |
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