Sex-Differences in the Oxygenation Levels of Intercostal and Vastus Lateralis Muscles During Incremental Exercise

This study aimed to examine sex differences in oxygen saturation in respiratory (SmO(2)-m.intercostales) and locomotor muscles (SmO(2)-m.vastus lateralis) while performing physical exercise. Twenty-five (12 women) healthy and physically active participants were evaluated during an incremental test with a cycle ergometer, while ventilatory variables [lung ventilation ([Formula: see text] E), tidal volume (Vt), and respiratory rate (RR)] were acquired through the breath-by-breath method. SmO(2) was acquired using the MOXY(®) devices on the m.intercostales and m.vastus lateralis. A two-way ANOVA (sex × time) indicated that women showed a greater significant decrease of SmO(2)-m.intercostales, and men showed a greater significant decrease of SmO(2)-m.vastus lateralis. Additionally, women reached a higher level of ΔSmO(2)-m.intercostales normalized to [Formula: see text] E (L⋅min(–1)) (p < 0.001), whereas men had a higher level of ΔSmO(2)-m.vastus lateralis normalized to peak workload-to-weight (watts⋅kg(–1), PtW) (p = 0.049), as confirmed by Student’s t-test. During an incremental physical exercise, women experienced a greater cost of breathing, reflected by greater deoxygenation of the respiratory muscles, whereas men had a higher peripheral load, indicated by greater deoxygenation of the locomotor muscles.