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Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects
Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with ∼20 mmHg increa...
Autores principales: | , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.746278 |
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author | Ranadive, Sushant M. Dillon, Gabrielle A. Mascone, Sara E. Alexander, Lacy M. |
author_facet | Ranadive, Sushant M. Dillon, Gabrielle A. Mascone, Sara E. Alexander, Lacy M. |
author_sort | Ranadive, Sushant M. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with ∼20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Endothelial dysfunction, especially in the resistance arteries, is the primary site for initiation of sub-clinical HTN. Furthermore, inflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) not only influence the endothelium independently, but also have a synergistic influence on each other. Together, the interplay between inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction is referred to as the vascular health triad, and affects BP regulation in humans. While the interplay of the vascular health triad is well established, new underlying mechanistic targets are under investigation, including: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor activated T cells. This review outlines the role of these unusual suspects in vascular health and function in humans. This review connects the dots using these unusual suspects underlying inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction especially in individuals at risk of or with diagnosed HTN based on novel studies performed in humans. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8517241 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85172412021-10-16 Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects Ranadive, Sushant M. Dillon, Gabrielle A. Mascone, Sara E. Alexander, Lacy M. Front Physiol Physiology Hypertension (HTN) affects more than one-third of the US population and remains the top risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying the underlying mechanisms for developing HTN are of critical importance because the risk of developing CVD doubles with ∼20 mmHg increase in systolic blood pressure (BP). Endothelial dysfunction, especially in the resistance arteries, is the primary site for initiation of sub-clinical HTN. Furthermore, inflammation and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) not only influence the endothelium independently, but also have a synergistic influence on each other. Together, the interplay between inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction is referred to as the vascular health triad, and affects BP regulation in humans. While the interplay of the vascular health triad is well established, new underlying mechanistic targets are under investigation, including: Inducible nitric oxide synthase, hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen sulfide, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) and nuclear factor activated T cells. This review outlines the role of these unusual suspects in vascular health and function in humans. This review connects the dots using these unusual suspects underlying inflammation, ROS and vascular dysfunction especially in individuals at risk of or with diagnosed HTN based on novel studies performed in humans. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8517241/ /pubmed/34658930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.746278 Text en Copyright © 2021 Ranadive, Dillon, Mascone and Alexander. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms. |
spellingShingle | Physiology Ranadive, Sushant M. Dillon, Gabrielle A. Mascone, Sara E. Alexander, Lacy M. Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title | Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title_full | Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title_fullStr | Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title_short | Vascular Health Triad in Humans With Hypertension—Not the Usual Suspects |
title_sort | vascular health triad in humans with hypertension—not the usual suspects |
topic | Physiology |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8517241/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34658930 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.746278 |
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