Malakoplakia presenting as Pleuropulmonary masses: A rare clinical, radiological and histopathological diagnosis

Pleuropulmonary malakoplakia is a rare granulomatous inflammatory condition characterized by the accumulation of histiocytes that contain basophilic inclusions called Michaelis-Gutmann bodies . It is usually reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. We present clinical, radiological, pathological features and management of a rare case of pulmonary malakoplakia in an immunocompetent male patient with a past history of empyema treated with surgical decortication. Clinically, the patient presented with shortness of breath, productive cough and lethargy. On imaging, Computed Tomography of Thorax showed multiple nodular lung masses and nodular pleural thickening with marked Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography avidity raising suspicion of advanced pulmonary malignancy. Characteristic Michaelis-Gutmann bodies were identified on histopathology, confirming the diagnosis of malakoplakia. The patient was medically managed with a long course of antibiotics. On follow-up, there was a significant clinical and radiological improvement. Pulmonary malakoplakia is a rare entity, with very few cases reported worldwide, and even fewer in immunocompetent individuals.