Cargando…
Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis
BACKGROUND: Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. americanus have been poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, we report a cas...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8518228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34649597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05035-3 |
_version_ | 1784584178316083200 |
---|---|
author | Xu, Fang Fang Niu, Yu Fei Chen, Wen Qing Liu, Sha Sha Li, Jing Ru Jiang, Peng Wang, Zhong Quan Cui, Jing Zhang, Xi |
author_facet | Xu, Fang Fang Niu, Yu Fei Chen, Wen Qing Liu, Sha Sha Li, Jing Ru Jiang, Peng Wang, Zhong Quan Cui, Jing Zhang, Xi |
author_sort | Xu, Fang Fang |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. americanus have been poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, we report a case of ancylostomiasis in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province. We also review the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province from 1949 to 2020. In addition, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of one clinical isolate is fully characterized using Illumina sequencing. All available mt genomes of hookworms in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. RESULTS: A total of three worms were collected from the patient. These worms were identified as N. americanus based on morphological characteristics as well as confirmed by genotyping with the barcoding gene cox1. Although ancylostomiasis cases have dropped substantially in recent years, hookworm infection is still a public health problem in underdeveloped areas and remote rural areas in Henan Province. The mt genome features of the N. americanus contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The nad1 gene showed high sequence variability among isolates, which is worth considering for future genetic studies of N. americanus. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of hookworm isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations. CONCLUSIONS: The mt genome of N. americanus presented here will serve as a useful data set for studying population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of hookworms. Positive measures for preventing and controlling ancylostomiasis are required by both health services and individuals in Henan Province. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05035-3. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8518228 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85182282021-10-20 Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis Xu, Fang Fang Niu, Yu Fei Chen, Wen Qing Liu, Sha Sha Li, Jing Ru Jiang, Peng Wang, Zhong Quan Cui, Jing Zhang, Xi Parasit Vectors Short Report BACKGROUND: Necator americanus is one of the major etiological agents of human ancylostomiasis. Historically, the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province of central China and the molecular characteristics of N. americanus have been poorly understood. METHODS: In this study, we report a case of ancylostomiasis in Zhengzhou city of Henan Province. We also review the epidemiology of ancylostomiasis in Henan Province from 1949 to 2020. In addition, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of one clinical isolate is fully characterized using Illumina sequencing. All available mt genomes of hookworms in GenBank were included to reconstruct the phylogeny using both maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods. RESULTS: A total of three worms were collected from the patient. These worms were identified as N. americanus based on morphological characteristics as well as confirmed by genotyping with the barcoding gene cox1. Although ancylostomiasis cases have dropped substantially in recent years, hookworm infection is still a public health problem in underdeveloped areas and remote rural areas in Henan Province. The mt genome features of the N. americanus contained 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a major non-coding region. The nad1 gene showed high sequence variability among isolates, which is worth considering for future genetic studies of N. americanus. Phylogenetic analyses support the monophyly of hookworm isolates from different hosts and distinct geographical locations. CONCLUSIONS: The mt genome of N. americanus presented here will serve as a useful data set for studying population genetics and phylogenetic relationships of hookworms. Positive measures for preventing and controlling ancylostomiasis are required by both health services and individuals in Henan Province. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT: [Image: see text] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-05035-3. BioMed Central 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8518228/ /pubmed/34649597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05035-3 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data. |
spellingShingle | Short Report Xu, Fang Fang Niu, Yu Fei Chen, Wen Qing Liu, Sha Sha Li, Jing Ru Jiang, Peng Wang, Zhong Quan Cui, Jing Zhang, Xi Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title | Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title_full | Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title_fullStr | Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title_full_unstemmed | Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title_short | Hookworm infection in central China: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
title_sort | hookworm infection in central china: morphological and molecular diagnosis |
topic | Short Report |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8518228/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34649597 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13071-021-05035-3 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT xufangfang hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT niuyufei hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT chenwenqing hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT liushasha hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT lijingru hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT jiangpeng hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT wangzhongquan hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT cuijing hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis AT zhangxi hookworminfectionincentralchinamorphologicalandmoleculardiagnosis |