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Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California
As overdose mortality is spiking during the COVID-19 pandemic, few race/ethnicity-stratified trends are available. This is of particular concern as overdose mortality was increasing most rapidly in Black and Latinx communities prior to the pandemic. We used quarterly, age-standardized overdose morta...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Elsevier Inc.
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34653501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106845 |
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author | Friedman, Joseph Hansen, Helena Bluthenthal, Ricky N. Harawa, Nina Jordan, Ayana Beletsky, Leo |
author_facet | Friedman, Joseph Hansen, Helena Bluthenthal, Ricky N. Harawa, Nina Jordan, Ayana Beletsky, Leo |
author_sort | Friedman, Joseph |
collection | PubMed |
description | As overdose mortality is spiking during the COVID-19 pandemic, few race/ethnicity-stratified trends are available. This is of particular concern as overdose mortality was increasing most rapidly in Black and Latinx communities prior to the pandemic. We used quarterly, age-standardized overdose mortality rates from California to assess trends by race/ethnicity and drug involved over time. Rates from 2020 Q2-Q4 were compared to expected trends based on ARIMA forecasting models fit using data from 2006 to 2020 Q1. In 2020 Q2-Q4 overdose death rates rose by 49.8% from 2019, exceeding an expected increase of 11.5% (95%CI: 0.5%–22.5%). Rates significantly exceeded forecasted trends for all racial/ethnic groups. Black/African American individuals saw an increase of 52.4% from 2019, compared to 42.6% among their White counterparts. The absolute Black-White overdose mortality gap rose from 0.7 higher per 100,000 for Black individuals in 2018 to 4.8 in 2019, and further increased to 9.9 during the pandemic. Black overdose mortality in California was therefore 34.3% higher than that of White individuals in 2020 Q2-Q4. This reflects growing methamphetamine-, cocaine-, and fentanyl-involved deaths among Black communities. Growing racial disparities in overdose must be understood in the context of the unequal social and economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, during which time Black communities have been subjected to the dual burden of disproportionate COVID-19 deaths and rising overdose mortality. Increased investments are required to ameliorate racial/ethnic disparities in substance use treatment, harm reduction, and the structural drivers of overdose, as part of the COVID-19 response and post-pandemic recovery efforts. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8521065 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Elsevier Inc. |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85210652021-10-18 Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California Friedman, Joseph Hansen, Helena Bluthenthal, Ricky N. Harawa, Nina Jordan, Ayana Beletsky, Leo Prev Med Short Communication As overdose mortality is spiking during the COVID-19 pandemic, few race/ethnicity-stratified trends are available. This is of particular concern as overdose mortality was increasing most rapidly in Black and Latinx communities prior to the pandemic. We used quarterly, age-standardized overdose mortality rates from California to assess trends by race/ethnicity and drug involved over time. Rates from 2020 Q2-Q4 were compared to expected trends based on ARIMA forecasting models fit using data from 2006 to 2020 Q1. In 2020 Q2-Q4 overdose death rates rose by 49.8% from 2019, exceeding an expected increase of 11.5% (95%CI: 0.5%–22.5%). Rates significantly exceeded forecasted trends for all racial/ethnic groups. Black/African American individuals saw an increase of 52.4% from 2019, compared to 42.6% among their White counterparts. The absolute Black-White overdose mortality gap rose from 0.7 higher per 100,000 for Black individuals in 2018 to 4.8 in 2019, and further increased to 9.9 during the pandemic. Black overdose mortality in California was therefore 34.3% higher than that of White individuals in 2020 Q2-Q4. This reflects growing methamphetamine-, cocaine-, and fentanyl-involved deaths among Black communities. Growing racial disparities in overdose must be understood in the context of the unequal social and economic fallout from the COVID-19 pandemic, during which time Black communities have been subjected to the dual burden of disproportionate COVID-19 deaths and rising overdose mortality. Increased investments are required to ameliorate racial/ethnic disparities in substance use treatment, harm reduction, and the structural drivers of overdose, as part of the COVID-19 response and post-pandemic recovery efforts. Elsevier Inc. 2021-12 2021-10-12 /pmc/articles/PMC8521065/ /pubmed/34653501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106845 Text en © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
spellingShingle | Short Communication Friedman, Joseph Hansen, Helena Bluthenthal, Ricky N. Harawa, Nina Jordan, Ayana Beletsky, Leo Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title | Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title_full | Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title_fullStr | Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title_full_unstemmed | Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title_short | Growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in California |
title_sort | growing racial/ethnic disparities in overdose mortality before and during the covid-19 pandemic in california |
topic | Short Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521065/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34653501 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106845 |
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