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COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health issue. COVID-19 is considered an airway/multi-systemic disease, and demise has been associated with an uncontrolled immune response and a cytokine storm in response to the virus. However, the lung pathology, immune...

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Autores principales: Valdebenito, Silvana, Bessis, Simon, Annane, Djillali, Lorin de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy, Cramer–Bordé, Elisabeth, Prideaux, Brendan, Eugenin, Eliseo A., Bomsel, Morgane
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34671353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.735922
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author Valdebenito, Silvana
Bessis, Simon
Annane, Djillali
Lorin de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy
Cramer–Bordé, Elisabeth
Prideaux, Brendan
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
Bomsel, Morgane
author_facet Valdebenito, Silvana
Bessis, Simon
Annane, Djillali
Lorin de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy
Cramer–Bordé, Elisabeth
Prideaux, Brendan
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
Bomsel, Morgane
author_sort Valdebenito, Silvana
collection PubMed
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health issue. COVID-19 is considered an airway/multi-systemic disease, and demise has been associated with an uncontrolled immune response and a cytokine storm in response to the virus. However, the lung pathology, immune response, and tissue damage associated with COVID-19 demise are poorly described and understood due to safety concerns. Using post-mortem lung tissues from uninfected and COVID-19 deadly cases as well as an unbiased combined analysis of histology, multi-viral and host markers staining, correlative microscopy, confocal, and image analysis, we identified three distinct phenotypes of COVID-19-induced lung damage. First, a COVID-19-induced hemorrhage characterized by minimal immune infiltration and large thrombus; Second, a COVID-19-induced immune infiltration with excessive immune cell infiltration but no hemorrhagic events. The third phenotype correspond to the combination of the two previous ones. We observed the loss of alveolar wall integrity, detachment of lung tissue pieces, fibroblast proliferation, and extensive fibrosis in all three phenotypes. Although lung tissues studied were from lethal COVID-19, a strong immune response was observed in all cases analyzed with significant B cell and poor T cell infiltrations, suggesting an exhausted or compromised immune cellular response in these patients. Overall, our data show that SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage is highly heterogeneous. These individual differences need to be considered to understand the acute and long-term COVID-19 consequences.
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spelling pubmed-85210872021-10-19 COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases Valdebenito, Silvana Bessis, Simon Annane, Djillali Lorin de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy Cramer–Bordé, Elisabeth Prideaux, Brendan Eugenin, Eliseo A. Bomsel, Morgane Front Immunol Immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a major public health issue. COVID-19 is considered an airway/multi-systemic disease, and demise has been associated with an uncontrolled immune response and a cytokine storm in response to the virus. However, the lung pathology, immune response, and tissue damage associated with COVID-19 demise are poorly described and understood due to safety concerns. Using post-mortem lung tissues from uninfected and COVID-19 deadly cases as well as an unbiased combined analysis of histology, multi-viral and host markers staining, correlative microscopy, confocal, and image analysis, we identified three distinct phenotypes of COVID-19-induced lung damage. First, a COVID-19-induced hemorrhage characterized by minimal immune infiltration and large thrombus; Second, a COVID-19-induced immune infiltration with excessive immune cell infiltration but no hemorrhagic events. The third phenotype correspond to the combination of the two previous ones. We observed the loss of alveolar wall integrity, detachment of lung tissue pieces, fibroblast proliferation, and extensive fibrosis in all three phenotypes. Although lung tissues studied were from lethal COVID-19, a strong immune response was observed in all cases analyzed with significant B cell and poor T cell infiltrations, suggesting an exhausted or compromised immune cellular response in these patients. Overall, our data show that SARS-CoV-2-induced lung damage is highly heterogeneous. These individual differences need to be considered to understand the acute and long-term COVID-19 consequences. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-04 /pmc/articles/PMC8521087/ /pubmed/34671353 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.735922 Text en Copyright © 2021 Valdebenito, Bessis, Annane, Lorin de la Grandmaison, Cramer–Bordé, Prideaux, Eugenin and Bomsel https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Valdebenito, Silvana
Bessis, Simon
Annane, Djillali
Lorin de la Grandmaison, Geoffroy
Cramer–Bordé, Elisabeth
Prideaux, Brendan
Eugenin, Eliseo A.
Bomsel, Morgane
COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title_full COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title_fullStr COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title_full_unstemmed COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title_short COVID-19 Lung Pathogenesis in SARS-CoV-2 Autopsy Cases
title_sort covid-19 lung pathogenesis in sars-cov-2 autopsy cases
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8521087/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34671353
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.735922
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