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Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States

Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national p...

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Autores principales: Lindert, Jutta, Paul, Kimberley C., Lachman Margie, E., Ritz, Beate, Seeman, Teresa
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33864472
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7
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author Lindert, Jutta
Paul, Kimberley C.
Lachman Margie, E.
Ritz, Beate
Seeman, Teresa
author_facet Lindert, Jutta
Paul, Kimberley C.
Lachman Margie, E.
Ritz, Beate
Seeman, Teresa
author_sort Lindert, Jutta
collection PubMed
description Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7.
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spelling pubmed-85221812022-08-15 Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States Lindert, Jutta Paul, Kimberley C. Lachman Margie, E. Ritz, Beate Seeman, Teresa Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Original Paper Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-04-17 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8522181/ /pubmed/33864472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) .
spellingShingle Original Paper
Lindert, Jutta
Paul, Kimberley C.
Lachman Margie, E.
Ritz, Beate
Seeman, Teresa
Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title_full Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title_fullStr Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title_full_unstemmed Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title_short Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
title_sort social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the united states
topic Original Paper
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522181/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33864472
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7
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