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Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States
Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national p...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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Springer Berlin Heidelberg
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33864472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7 |
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author | Lindert, Jutta Paul, Kimberley C. Lachman Margie, E. Ritz, Beate Seeman, Teresa |
author_facet | Lindert, Jutta Paul, Kimberley C. Lachman Margie, E. Ritz, Beate Seeman, Teresa |
author_sort | Lindert, Jutta |
collection | PubMed |
description | Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8522181 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Springer Berlin Heidelberg |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85221812022-08-15 Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States Lindert, Jutta Paul, Kimberley C. Lachman Margie, E. Ritz, Beate Seeman, Teresa Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol Original Paper Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25–74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States. The initial wave (1995) included 4963 non-institutionalized adults aged 32–84 (M = 55, SD = 12.4). We used an analytic sample from MIDUS-II (1996/1997) and MIDUS-III (2013) (n = 1821). The dependent variables are episodic memory and executive functioning, which were assessed with the Brief Test for Cognition (BTACT). The independent variables were social stress variables (subjective social status, family and marital stress, work stress and discrimination). To evaluate episodic memory and executive functioning changes over a time period of 10 years, we estimated adjusted linear regression models. Women report significantly lower subjective social status and more discrimination stress than men across all age groups. Controlling for education and income, age, and baseline episodic memory and executive functioning, lower subjective social status had additional adverse effects on declines in episodic memory in men and women. Marital risk had adverse effects on episodic memory in men but not in women. Daily discrimination had adverse effects on executive functioning on all individuals. Public health strategies should focus on reducing social stress in a socio-ecological perspective. Especially, subjective social status and discrimination stress might be a target for prevention efforts. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 2021-04-17 2022 /pmc/articles/PMC8522181/ /pubmed/33864472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7 Text en © The Author(s) 2021 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) . |
spellingShingle | Original Paper Lindert, Jutta Paul, Kimberley C. Lachman Margie, E. Ritz, Beate Seeman, Teresa Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title | Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title_full | Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title_fullStr | Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title_short | Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States |
title_sort | social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the united states |
topic | Original Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522181/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33864472 http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-021-02089-7 |
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