Cargando…

Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment

Urolithiasis, a condition in which calculi are found in the urinary tract, has been known for centuries. Although the disease was considered casuistic in the pediatric population, its prevalence is rising among both children and infants. The occurrence of the disease is greater in developed countrie...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Jobs, Katarzyna, Rakowska, Magda, Paturej, Aleksandra
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Sciendo 2018
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30056408
http://dx.doi.org/10.34763/devperiodmed.20182202.201208
_version_ 1784585179078066176
author Jobs, Katarzyna
Rakowska, Magda
Paturej, Aleksandra
author_facet Jobs, Katarzyna
Rakowska, Magda
Paturej, Aleksandra
author_sort Jobs, Katarzyna
collection PubMed
description Urolithiasis, a condition in which calculi are found in the urinary tract, has been known for centuries. Although the disease was considered casuistic in the pediatric population, its prevalence is rising among both children and infants. The occurrence of the disease is greater in developed countries, therefore urolithiasis should be considered a lifestyle disease. Its etiopathogenesis has not yet been well understood. Kidney stone formation is influenced by factors such as climate, eating habits, profession, fluid intake, genetic predisposition, urinary tract infections and malformations of the urinary tract. Calculi are usually composed of mixed mineral substances. Only about 30% are made up of one chemical substance, calcium oxalate being the most common. Urolithiasis can be asymptomatic and accidentally diagnosed. Abdominal pain is the most common clinical symptom, however disease presentation among infants is nonspecific. Hematuria is a common clinical finding. Ultrasonography is the most important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. Metabolic evaluation is required in every case of urolithiasis in the pediatric population, as metabolic disorders can be found in the majority of cases in this age group. The spontaneous passage of calculi less than 6mm in diameter is likely. Invasive treatment should be carried out if stones exceed 6mm in diameter or fail to expulse spontaneously. Prophylactic treatment includes adequate fluid intake, healthy eating habits and physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. Urolithiasis is a recurrent disease, therefore long-term treatment, prophylaxis and a lasting change in dietary habits are essential.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-8522892
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2018
publisher Sciendo
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-85228922021-11-19 Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment Jobs, Katarzyna Rakowska, Magda Paturej, Aleksandra Dev Period Med Review Articles/Prace Poglądowe Urolithiasis, a condition in which calculi are found in the urinary tract, has been known for centuries. Although the disease was considered casuistic in the pediatric population, its prevalence is rising among both children and infants. The occurrence of the disease is greater in developed countries, therefore urolithiasis should be considered a lifestyle disease. Its etiopathogenesis has not yet been well understood. Kidney stone formation is influenced by factors such as climate, eating habits, profession, fluid intake, genetic predisposition, urinary tract infections and malformations of the urinary tract. Calculi are usually composed of mixed mineral substances. Only about 30% are made up of one chemical substance, calcium oxalate being the most common. Urolithiasis can be asymptomatic and accidentally diagnosed. Abdominal pain is the most common clinical symptom, however disease presentation among infants is nonspecific. Hematuria is a common clinical finding. Ultrasonography is the most important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. Metabolic evaluation is required in every case of urolithiasis in the pediatric population, as metabolic disorders can be found in the majority of cases in this age group. The spontaneous passage of calculi less than 6mm in diameter is likely. Invasive treatment should be carried out if stones exceed 6mm in diameter or fail to expulse spontaneously. Prophylactic treatment includes adequate fluid intake, healthy eating habits and physical activity to maintain a healthy weight. Urolithiasis is a recurrent disease, therefore long-term treatment, prophylaxis and a lasting change in dietary habits are essential. Sciendo 2018-06-30 /pmc/articles/PMC8522892/ /pubmed/30056408 http://dx.doi.org/10.34763/devperiodmed.20182202.201208 Text en © 2018 Katarzyna Jobs, Magda Rakowska, Aleksandra Paturej, published by Sciendo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
spellingShingle Review Articles/Prace Poglądowe
Jobs, Katarzyna
Rakowska, Magda
Paturej, Aleksandra
Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title_full Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title_fullStr Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title_full_unstemmed Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title_short Urolithiasis in The Pediatric Population − Current Opinion on Epidemiology, Patophysiology, Diagnostic Evaluation and Treatment
title_sort urolithiasis in the pediatric population − current opinion on epidemiology, patophysiology, diagnostic evaluation and treatment
topic Review Articles/Prace Poglądowe
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8522892/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30056408
http://dx.doi.org/10.34763/devperiodmed.20182202.201208
work_keys_str_mv AT jobskatarzyna urolithiasisinthepediatricpopulationcurrentopiniononepidemiologypatophysiologydiagnosticevaluationandtreatment
AT rakowskamagda urolithiasisinthepediatricpopulationcurrentopiniononepidemiologypatophysiologydiagnosticevaluationandtreatment
AT paturejaleksandra urolithiasisinthepediatricpopulationcurrentopiniononepidemiologypatophysiologydiagnosticevaluationandtreatment