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Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism

BACKGROUND: Dogs are the primary reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomine sand flies maintain zoonotic transmission of parasites between dogs and humans. A subset of dogs is infected transplacentally during gestation, but at what stage of the clinical spect...

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Autores principales: Scorza, Breanna M., Mahachi, Kurayi G., Cox, Arin C., Toepp, Angela J., Leal-Lima, Adam, Kumar Kushwaha, Anurag, Kelly, Patrick, Meneses, Claudio, Wilson, Geneva, Gibson-Corley, Katherine N., Bartholomay, Lyric, Kamhawi, Shaden, Petersen, Christine A.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34613967
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009366
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author Scorza, Breanna M.
Mahachi, Kurayi G.
Cox, Arin C.
Toepp, Angela J.
Leal-Lima, Adam
Kumar Kushwaha, Anurag
Kelly, Patrick
Meneses, Claudio
Wilson, Geneva
Gibson-Corley, Katherine N.
Bartholomay, Lyric
Kamhawi, Shaden
Petersen, Christine A.
author_facet Scorza, Breanna M.
Mahachi, Kurayi G.
Cox, Arin C.
Toepp, Angela J.
Leal-Lima, Adam
Kumar Kushwaha, Anurag
Kelly, Patrick
Meneses, Claudio
Wilson, Geneva
Gibson-Corley, Katherine N.
Bartholomay, Lyric
Kamhawi, Shaden
Petersen, Christine A.
author_sort Scorza, Breanna M.
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Dogs are the primary reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomine sand flies maintain zoonotic transmission of parasites between dogs and humans. A subset of dogs is infected transplacentally during gestation, but at what stage of the clinical spectrum vertically infected dogs contribute to the infected sand fly pool is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined infectiousness of dogs vertically infected with L. infantum from multiple clinical states to the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis using xenodiagnosis and found that vertically infected dogs were infectious to sand flies at differing rates. Dogs with mild to moderate disease showed significantly higher transmission to the vector than dogs with subclinical or severe disease. We documented a substantial parasite burden in the skin of vertically infected dogs by RT-qPCR, despite these dogs not having received intradermal parasites via sand flies. There was a highly significant correlation between skin parasite burden at the feeding site and sand fly parasite uptake. This suggests dogs with high skin parasite burden contribute the most to the infected sand fly pool. Although skin parasite load and parasitemia correlated with one another, the average parasite number detected in skin was significantly higher compared to blood in matched subjects. Thus, dermal resident parasites were infectious to sand flies from dogs without detectable parasitemia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, our data implicate skin parasite burden and earlier clinical status as stronger indicators of outward transmission potential than blood parasite burden. Our studies of a population of dogs without vector transmission highlights the need to consider canine vertical transmission in surveillance and prevention strategies.
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spelling pubmed-85230392021-10-19 Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism Scorza, Breanna M. Mahachi, Kurayi G. Cox, Arin C. Toepp, Angela J. Leal-Lima, Adam Kumar Kushwaha, Anurag Kelly, Patrick Meneses, Claudio Wilson, Geneva Gibson-Corley, Katherine N. Bartholomay, Lyric Kamhawi, Shaden Petersen, Christine A. PLoS Negl Trop Dis Research Article BACKGROUND: Dogs are the primary reservoir for human visceral leishmaniasis due to Leishmania infantum. Phlebotomine sand flies maintain zoonotic transmission of parasites between dogs and humans. A subset of dogs is infected transplacentally during gestation, but at what stage of the clinical spectrum vertically infected dogs contribute to the infected sand fly pool is unknown. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: We examined infectiousness of dogs vertically infected with L. infantum from multiple clinical states to the vector Lutzomyia longipalpis using xenodiagnosis and found that vertically infected dogs were infectious to sand flies at differing rates. Dogs with mild to moderate disease showed significantly higher transmission to the vector than dogs with subclinical or severe disease. We documented a substantial parasite burden in the skin of vertically infected dogs by RT-qPCR, despite these dogs not having received intradermal parasites via sand flies. There was a highly significant correlation between skin parasite burden at the feeding site and sand fly parasite uptake. This suggests dogs with high skin parasite burden contribute the most to the infected sand fly pool. Although skin parasite load and parasitemia correlated with one another, the average parasite number detected in skin was significantly higher compared to blood in matched subjects. Thus, dermal resident parasites were infectious to sand flies from dogs without detectable parasitemia. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Together, our data implicate skin parasite burden and earlier clinical status as stronger indicators of outward transmission potential than blood parasite burden. Our studies of a population of dogs without vector transmission highlights the need to consider canine vertical transmission in surveillance and prevention strategies. Public Library of Science 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8523039/ /pubmed/34613967 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009366 Text en https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/This is an open access article, free of all copyright, and may be freely reproduced, distributed, transmitted, modified, built upon, or otherwise used by anyone for any lawful purpose. The work is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) public domain dedication.
spellingShingle Research Article
Scorza, Breanna M.
Mahachi, Kurayi G.
Cox, Arin C.
Toepp, Angela J.
Leal-Lima, Adam
Kumar Kushwaha, Anurag
Kelly, Patrick
Meneses, Claudio
Wilson, Geneva
Gibson-Corley, Katherine N.
Bartholomay, Lyric
Kamhawi, Shaden
Petersen, Christine A.
Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title_full Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title_fullStr Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title_full_unstemmed Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title_short Leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
title_sort leishmania infantum xenodiagnosis from vertically infected dogs reveals significant skin tropism
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523039/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34613967
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009366
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