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Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality

The effect of the different training regimes and histories on the spatiotemporal characteristics of human running was evaluated in four groups of subjects who had different histories of engagement in running-specific training; sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals....

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Autores principales: Goto, Yuta, Ogawa, Tetsuya, Kakehata, Gaku, Sazuka, Naoya, Okubo, Atsushi, Wakita, Yoshihiro, Iso, Shigeo, Kanosue, Kazuyuki
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Public Library of Science 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34662356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258709
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author Goto, Yuta
Ogawa, Tetsuya
Kakehata, Gaku
Sazuka, Naoya
Okubo, Atsushi
Wakita, Yoshihiro
Iso, Shigeo
Kanosue, Kazuyuki
author_facet Goto, Yuta
Ogawa, Tetsuya
Kakehata, Gaku
Sazuka, Naoya
Okubo, Atsushi
Wakita, Yoshihiro
Iso, Shigeo
Kanosue, Kazuyuki
author_sort Goto, Yuta
collection PubMed
description The effect of the different training regimes and histories on the spatiotemporal characteristics of human running was evaluated in four groups of subjects who had different histories of engagement in running-specific training; sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. Subjects ran at a variety of velocities, ranging from slowest to fastest, over 30 trials in a random order. Group averages of maximal running velocities, ranked from fastest to slowest, were: sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. The velocity-cadence-step length (V-C-S) relationship, made by plotting step length against cadence at each velocity tested, was analyzed with the segmented regression method, utilizing two regression lines. In all subject groups, there was a critical velocity, defined as the inflection point, in the relationship. In the velocity ranges below and above the inflection point (slower and faster velocity ranges), velocity was modulated primarily by altering step length and by altering cadence, respectively. This pattern was commonly observed in all four groups, not only in sprinters and distance runners, as has already been reported, but also in active athletes and sedentary individuals. This pattern may reflect an energy saving strategy. When the data from all groups were combined, there were significant correlations between maximal running velocity and both running velocity and step length at the inflection point. In spite of the wide variety of athletic experience of the subjects, as well as their maximum running velocities, the inflection point appeared at a similar cadence (3.0 ± 0.2 steps/s) and at a similar relative velocity (65–70%Vmax). These results imply that the influence of running-specific training on the inflection point is minimal.
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spelling pubmed-85230422021-10-19 Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality Goto, Yuta Ogawa, Tetsuya Kakehata, Gaku Sazuka, Naoya Okubo, Atsushi Wakita, Yoshihiro Iso, Shigeo Kanosue, Kazuyuki PLoS One Research Article The effect of the different training regimes and histories on the spatiotemporal characteristics of human running was evaluated in four groups of subjects who had different histories of engagement in running-specific training; sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. Subjects ran at a variety of velocities, ranging from slowest to fastest, over 30 trials in a random order. Group averages of maximal running velocities, ranked from fastest to slowest, were: sprinters, distance runners, active athletes, and sedentary individuals. The velocity-cadence-step length (V-C-S) relationship, made by plotting step length against cadence at each velocity tested, was analyzed with the segmented regression method, utilizing two regression lines. In all subject groups, there was a critical velocity, defined as the inflection point, in the relationship. In the velocity ranges below and above the inflection point (slower and faster velocity ranges), velocity was modulated primarily by altering step length and by altering cadence, respectively. This pattern was commonly observed in all four groups, not only in sprinters and distance runners, as has already been reported, but also in active athletes and sedentary individuals. This pattern may reflect an energy saving strategy. When the data from all groups were combined, there were significant correlations between maximal running velocity and both running velocity and step length at the inflection point. In spite of the wide variety of athletic experience of the subjects, as well as their maximum running velocities, the inflection point appeared at a similar cadence (3.0 ± 0.2 steps/s) and at a similar relative velocity (65–70%Vmax). These results imply that the influence of running-specific training on the inflection point is minimal. Public Library of Science 2021-10-18 /pmc/articles/PMC8523042/ /pubmed/34662356 http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258709 Text en © 2021 Goto et al https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
spellingShingle Research Article
Goto, Yuta
Ogawa, Tetsuya
Kakehata, Gaku
Sazuka, Naoya
Okubo, Atsushi
Wakita, Yoshihiro
Iso, Shigeo
Kanosue, Kazuyuki
Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title_full Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title_fullStr Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title_full_unstemmed Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title_short Spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: Effects of training level and athletic modality
title_sort spatiotemporal inflection points in human running: effects of training level and athletic modality
topic Research Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523042/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34662356
http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0258709
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