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Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma
OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a b...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34644781 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0209 |
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author | HUANG, Hai KIM, Myoung-Ok KIM, Ki-Rim |
author_facet | HUANG, Hai KIM, Myoung-Ok KIM, Ki-Rim |
author_sort | HUANG, Hai |
collection | PubMed |
description | OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. METHODOLOGY: We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. RESULTS: In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8523100 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85231002021-10-22 Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma HUANG, Hai KIM, Myoung-Ok KIM, Ki-Rim J Appl Oral Sci Original Article OBJECTIVE: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the common type of cancer that leads to death; and is becoming a global concern. Due to the lack of efficient chemotherapeutic agents for patients with oral cancer, the prognosis remains poor. 6-shogaol, a bioactive compound of ginger, has a broad spectrum of bioactivities and has been widely used to relieve many diseases. However, its effects on human oral cancer have not yet been fully evaluated. In our study, we investigated the anticancer effects of 6-shogaol on the proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and underlying mechanisms within human OSCC cell lines. METHODOLOGY: We investigated the effect of 6-shogaol on the growth of OSCC cells by cell viability and soft agar colony formation assay. Migration and invasion assays were conducted to confirm the effect 6-shogaol on OSCC cell metastasis. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and the underlying mechanism on the antigrowth effect of 6-shogaol in OSCC cells was assessed using western blotting. RESULTS: In our results, 6-shogaol not only suppressed proliferation and anchorage-independent cell growth in OSCC cells, but also induced apoptosis by regulating the apoptosis-associated factors such as p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3. Migration and invasion of OSCC cells were inhibited following the regulation of E-cadherin and N-cadherin by 6-shogaol. Additionally, 6-shogaol treatment significantly inhibited the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION: Therefore, our results may provide critical evidence that 6-shogaol can be a potential new therapeutic candidate for oral cancer. Faculdade De Odontologia De Bauru - USP 2021-10-11 /pmc/articles/PMC8523100/ /pubmed/34644781 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0209 Text en https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Original Article HUANG, Hai KIM, Myoung-Ok KIM, Ki-Rim Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title | Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title_full | Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title_short | Anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the AKT signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
title_sort | anticancer effects of 6-shogaol via the akt signaling pathway in oral squamous cell carcinoma |
topic | Original Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8523100/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34644781 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0209 |
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