Rezum Therapy for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: Dubai’s Initial Experience

Introduction Symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a condition that affects middle-aged men, leading to a decreased quality of life secondary to symptoms of difficult urination, urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia. The treatment modalities of this pathology include pharmacologic and invasive interventions, both of which vary in effectiveness and they come with a myriad of side effects. Recent advancements have allowed for the development of Rezum, a minimally invasive and effective approach to treating BPH while maintaining a good safety profile with comparable outcomes to other treatment modalities. Methods We retrospectively identified 49 patients with symptomatic BPH who underwent Rezum therapy in one center in Dubai, the United Arab Emirates between January and December 2020. We assessed several parameters related to their condition including prostate volume, pre-operative and post-operative post-void residual (PVR) and peak urinary flow (Qmax) number of treatments given, trial without catheter and mean date of follow-up. Safety and side effects were also assessed. Result Our sample included symptomatic men with a mean age of 64 (10) who had a mean follow-up time of three months (IQR 2-5.2), median prostatic volume of 58 cc (IQR 44-82) and a mean of (SD 33.9). The initial Qmax and PVR were 7.3 ml/s (IQR 5.5-10.3) and 80.4 cm(3 )(IQR 43.4-120.0) respectively, and post-operative Qmax and PVR were 16.3 ml/s (SD 5.7) and 20.7 cm(3) (IQR 16.2-28.2). Post-operatively, we observed a significant increase in Qmax of 8.11 ml/s (p=0.001) post-operatively, a mean decrease of 94.32 cm(3) (p=0.001) in PVR. The favorable outcome parameters in Qmax and PVR demonstrate the efficacy of this procedure. We have also noted that the change in Qmax and PVR does not vary by initial prostate volume. Conclusion In this report, we aimed to highlight the benefit, efficacy and safety of offering Rezum to patients with symptomatic BPH in a single center in Dubai, reporting on the first United Arab Emirates experience with this novel procedure. This procedure confers the benefit of being minimally invasive, safe and effective, and with lower rates of sexual dysfunction compared to medical therapy or trans-urethral resection of the prostate (TURP). It is associated with similar outcomes to TURP, and an improvement in quality of life, while carrying a low-risk profile. Our experience corresponds with the available literature regarding the efficacy and satisfaction rates of Rezum for BPH patients. We hope that results from this study encourage further investigation into the long-term implications of Rezum, up to five years post-operatively.