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Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging
Urogenital aging is a common process affecting all women in the post-menopausal period of their life, and it is substantially due to oestrogen deprivation after ovarian function cessation. These changes can lead to a progressive, chronic, and complex association of symptoms identified as the genitou...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Termedia Publishing House
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8525256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703415 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.109772 |
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author | Garzon, Simone Apostolopoulos, Vasso Stojanovska, Lily Ferrari, Federico Mathyk, Begum Aydogan Laganà, Antonio Simone |
author_facet | Garzon, Simone Apostolopoulos, Vasso Stojanovska, Lily Ferrari, Federico Mathyk, Begum Aydogan Laganà, Antonio Simone |
author_sort | Garzon, Simone |
collection | PubMed |
description | Urogenital aging is a common process affecting all women in the post-menopausal period of their life, and it is substantially due to oestrogen deprivation after ovarian function cessation. These changes can lead to a progressive, chronic, and complex association of symptoms identified as the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, which has a significant impact on quality of life. Genitourinary syndrome and urogenital aging do not resolve spontaneously and usually recur when treatment is stopped. Therefore, appropriate long-term management is of paramount importance, and local oestrogen is the most effective treatment to reverse urogenital aging and to improve symptoms of genitourinary syndrome as replacement therapy. In some women, topical oestrogen may be inconvenient, it may not achieve complete response, or it may be contra-indicated. Several non-hormonal therapies have been investigated, but few treatments have been reported as potentially able to reverse the urogenital aging process similarly to exogenous oestrogens. Laser seems the most promising, although further studies to define its safety and efficacy are mandatory. Vitamin D and E, and phytotherapy have returned conflicting results and require further confirmation. Lifestyle modifications, physiotherapy, and electrical stimulation represent inexpensive and applicable treatments that might slow urogenital aging. Among the hormonal non-oestrogenic therapies, the use of vaginal oxytocin and dehydroepiandrosterone have been found to be effective compared to placebo, as well as the use of oral ospemifene, which partially relieves vulvovaginal atrophy. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8525256 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | Termedia Publishing House |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85252562021-10-25 Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging Garzon, Simone Apostolopoulos, Vasso Stojanovska, Lily Ferrari, Federico Mathyk, Begum Aydogan Laganà, Antonio Simone Prz Menopauzalny Review Paper Urogenital aging is a common process affecting all women in the post-menopausal period of their life, and it is substantially due to oestrogen deprivation after ovarian function cessation. These changes can lead to a progressive, chronic, and complex association of symptoms identified as the genitourinary syndrome of menopause, which has a significant impact on quality of life. Genitourinary syndrome and urogenital aging do not resolve spontaneously and usually recur when treatment is stopped. Therefore, appropriate long-term management is of paramount importance, and local oestrogen is the most effective treatment to reverse urogenital aging and to improve symptoms of genitourinary syndrome as replacement therapy. In some women, topical oestrogen may be inconvenient, it may not achieve complete response, or it may be contra-indicated. Several non-hormonal therapies have been investigated, but few treatments have been reported as potentially able to reverse the urogenital aging process similarly to exogenous oestrogens. Laser seems the most promising, although further studies to define its safety and efficacy are mandatory. Vitamin D and E, and phytotherapy have returned conflicting results and require further confirmation. Lifestyle modifications, physiotherapy, and electrical stimulation represent inexpensive and applicable treatments that might slow urogenital aging. Among the hormonal non-oestrogenic therapies, the use of vaginal oxytocin and dehydroepiandrosterone have been found to be effective compared to placebo, as well as the use of oral ospemifene, which partially relieves vulvovaginal atrophy. Termedia Publishing House 2021-10-11 2021-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8525256/ /pubmed/34703415 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.109772 Text en Copyright © 2021 Termedia https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) ) |
spellingShingle | Review Paper Garzon, Simone Apostolopoulos, Vasso Stojanovska, Lily Ferrari, Federico Mathyk, Begum Aydogan Laganà, Antonio Simone Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title | Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title_full | Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title_fullStr | Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title_full_unstemmed | Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title_short | Non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
title_sort | non-oestrogenic modalities to reverse urogenital aging |
topic | Review Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8525256/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34703415 http://dx.doi.org/10.5114/pm.2021.109772 |
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