Vitreous Noise on Optical Coherence Tomography as an Early Finding of Brolucizumab-Related Intraocular Inflammation

We describe a case of brolucizumab-related intraocular inflammation (IOI) detected using vitreous haze on optical coherence tomography (OCT) at an early stage before the patient was aware of any symptom. A 69-year-old female presented with decreased right vision. The patient was diagnosed with pachychoroidal neovasculopathy and started intravitreal aflibercept (IVA) with a 3+ treat-and-extend strategy (TAE). Although the serous retinal detachment (SRD) disappeared after IVA treatment, the patient was managed with treatment every 4 weeks without extending the treatment interval To shorten the treatment interval, intravitreal brolucizumab (IVBr) was started 44 weeks after starting IVA treatment. After initiating IVBr treatment, the SRD completely disappeared. However, 16 weeks after starting IVBr, OCT showed noise in the vitreous cavity, which had not been seen before, and infrared images showed a black smoke-like shadow over the macula. Despite these findings, the patient had no subjective symptoms, and so IVBr was re-administered with an 8-week TAE interval. Five days after IVBr treatment, vitreous inflammatory cells were observed, and the noise in the vitreous cavity and the smoke-like shadow in the infrared image were further enhanced. We diagnosed the patient with brolucizumab-related IOI, and anti-inflammatory treatment was initiated. After extensive treatment, the vitreous opacity gradually disappeared, and the vitreous noise on OCT and the black smoke-like shadow on infrared images disappeared. IOI may have already been present 16 weeks after starting IVBr treatment, when we judged that there was no inflammation and IVBr was re-administered. When following patients receiving IVBr, IOI may be detected by OCT at an earlier stage by evaluating vitreous haze.