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Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes

Background: Motor rehabilitation is routinely used in clinical practice as an effective method to reduce progressive disability gain in multiple sclerosis (MS), but rehabilitation approaches are typically unstandardized, and only few studies have investigated the impact of rehabilitation on brain ne...

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Autores principales: Tavazzi, Eleonora, Cazzoli, Marta, Pirastru, Alice, Blasi, Valeria, Rovaris, Marco, Bergsland, Niels, Baglio, Francesca
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34690670
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.707675
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author Tavazzi, Eleonora
Cazzoli, Marta
Pirastru, Alice
Blasi, Valeria
Rovaris, Marco
Bergsland, Niels
Baglio, Francesca
author_facet Tavazzi, Eleonora
Cazzoli, Marta
Pirastru, Alice
Blasi, Valeria
Rovaris, Marco
Bergsland, Niels
Baglio, Francesca
author_sort Tavazzi, Eleonora
collection PubMed
description Background: Motor rehabilitation is routinely used in clinical practice as an effective method to reduce progressive disability gain in multiple sclerosis (MS), but rehabilitation approaches are typically unstandardized, and only few studies have investigated the impact of rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity. Objective: To summarize and critically analyze studies applying MRI markers of functional connectivity and structural changes to assess the effect of motor rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity in MS. Methods: Literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE, selecting studies having as a subject motor rehabilitation and advanced MRI techniques investigating neuroplasticity in adult patients affected by MS. Results: Seventeen out of 798 papers were selected, of which 5 applied structural MRI (4 diffusion tensor imaging, 1 volumetric measurements), 7 applied functional fMRI (5 task-related fMRI, 2 resting-state fMRI) whereas the remaining 5 applied both structural and functional imaging. Discussion: The considerable data heterogeneity and the small sample sizes characterizing the studies limit interpretation and generalization of the results. Overall, motor rehabilitation promotes clinical improvement, paralleled by positive adaptive brain changes, whose features and extent depend upon different variables, including the type of rehabilitation approach. MRI markers of functional and structural connectivity should be implemented in studies testing the efficacy of motor rehabilitation. They allow for a better understanding of neuroplastic mechanisms underlying rehabilitation-mediated clinical achievements, facilitating the identification of rehabilitation strategies tailored to patients' needs and abilities.
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spelling pubmed-85267252021-10-21 Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes Tavazzi, Eleonora Cazzoli, Marta Pirastru, Alice Blasi, Valeria Rovaris, Marco Bergsland, Niels Baglio, Francesca Front Neurosci Neuroscience Background: Motor rehabilitation is routinely used in clinical practice as an effective method to reduce progressive disability gain in multiple sclerosis (MS), but rehabilitation approaches are typically unstandardized, and only few studies have investigated the impact of rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity. Objective: To summarize and critically analyze studies applying MRI markers of functional connectivity and structural changes to assess the effect of motor rehabilitation on brain neuroplasticity in MS. Methods: Literature search was performed using PubMed and EMBASE, selecting studies having as a subject motor rehabilitation and advanced MRI techniques investigating neuroplasticity in adult patients affected by MS. Results: Seventeen out of 798 papers were selected, of which 5 applied structural MRI (4 diffusion tensor imaging, 1 volumetric measurements), 7 applied functional fMRI (5 task-related fMRI, 2 resting-state fMRI) whereas the remaining 5 applied both structural and functional imaging. Discussion: The considerable data heterogeneity and the small sample sizes characterizing the studies limit interpretation and generalization of the results. Overall, motor rehabilitation promotes clinical improvement, paralleled by positive adaptive brain changes, whose features and extent depend upon different variables, including the type of rehabilitation approach. MRI markers of functional and structural connectivity should be implemented in studies testing the efficacy of motor rehabilitation. They allow for a better understanding of neuroplastic mechanisms underlying rehabilitation-mediated clinical achievements, facilitating the identification of rehabilitation strategies tailored to patients' needs and abilities. Frontiers Media S.A. 2021-10-06 /pmc/articles/PMC8526725/ /pubmed/34690670 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.707675 Text en Copyright © 2021 Tavazzi, Cazzoli, Pirastru, Blasi, Rovaris, Bergsland and Baglio. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Tavazzi, Eleonora
Cazzoli, Marta
Pirastru, Alice
Blasi, Valeria
Rovaris, Marco
Bergsland, Niels
Baglio, Francesca
Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title_full Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title_fullStr Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title_full_unstemmed Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title_short Neuroplasticity and Motor Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review on MRI Markers of Functional and Structural Changes
title_sort neuroplasticity and motor rehabilitation in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review on mri markers of functional and structural changes
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8526725/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34690670
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2021.707675
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