Does the Serum Vitamin D Status and its Possible Effect on Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone Levels Predict Fertility in Premenopausal Women?

CONTEXT: Evidence suggests that serum Vitamin D level influences female reproduction. However, clinical studies have reported conflicting evidence on the effect of serum Vitamin D levels on serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), with little evidence in African women. AIM: The study aimed to compare the relationship between serum Vitamin D and serum AMH among infertile and fertile women. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This comparative cross-sectional study analyzed data from 170 premenopausal women; 81 infertile, and 89 fertile women attending a Nigerian tertiary hospital between March and June 2019. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Serum AMH and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) Vitamin D) concentrations were analysed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25 for windows. Categorical variables were summarized in frequencies and proportions while continuous variables were summarized in means ± standard deviation and median (interquartile range). The association was explored using linear regression. The level of significance was set at 0.05. RESULTS: The prevalence of Vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) in infertile women and fertile women was 16% and 18%, respectively. There was no difference in serum Vitamin D levels between infertile and fertile women in this study after controlling for age and body mass index (BMI) (P = 0.186). There was no association between serum 25(OH) Vitamin D and serum AMH in infertile (B = 0.002; P = 0.474) and fertile women (B = ‒0.002; P = 0.522) after adjusting for age and BMI. CONCLUSION: Infertile and fertile women had similar serum Vitamin D levels and there was no relationship between serum Vitamin D and serum AMH in both infertile and fertile women.