Measuring the impact of a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (recombinant) coronavirus vaccine on hospital stay, ICU requirement, and mortality outcome in a tertiary care centre

OBJECTIVE: To comparatively evaluate ICU requirement, length of stay, and mortality between single-dose vaccinated and non-vaccinated hospitalized COVID-19 patients. DESIGN: A retrospective observational study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital in western Indian, from April 1 to June 30, 2021. RESULTS: Of the 569 patients who fulfilled the eligibility criteria and were enrolled in the study, 137 (24.08%) patients had received a single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine, while 432 (75.92%) patients had not received any form of vaccination. The overall length of stay in hospital was similar for both groups; however, a significant difference was seen in length of stay in the ward and in the ICU. Vaccinated patients were admitted to the ward for 6.21 ± 3.204 days, while non-vaccinated patients were admitted for 5.56 ± 4.55 days (p < 0.001). The mean length of ICU stay for the 21 vaccinated patients requiring intensive care was 4.47 ± 2.3 days, while that for the 145 non-vaccinated patients was 6.29 ± 2.19 days (p < 0.001). Mortality was observed in four patients in the vaccinated group and in 95 patients in the non-vaccinated group. CONCLUSION: A single dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine was associated with a significantly lower severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection compared with no vaccination.