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Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station
[Image: see text] We analyzed pollution plumes originating from ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel. Measurements were performed at a station located on the Utö island in the Baltic Sea during 2015–2021 when vessels passed the station along an adjacent shipping lane and the wind direct...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
American Chemical Society
2021
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Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8529869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34623135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03293 |
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author | Grönholm, Tiia Mäkelä, Timo Hatakka, Juha Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Kuula, Joel Laurila, Tuomas Laakso, Lauri Kukkonen, Jaakko |
author_facet | Grönholm, Tiia Mäkelä, Timo Hatakka, Juha Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Kuula, Joel Laurila, Tuomas Laakso, Lauri Kukkonen, Jaakko |
author_sort | Grönholm, Tiia |
collection | PubMed |
description | [Image: see text] We analyzed pollution plumes originating from ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel. Measurements were performed at a station located on the Utö island in the Baltic Sea during 2015–2021 when vessels passed the station along an adjacent shipping lane and the wind direction allowed the measurements. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks ΔCH(4)/ΔCO(2) ranged from 1% to 9% and from 0.1% to 0.5% for low and high pressure dual fuel engines, respectively. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks of ΔNO(x)/ΔCO(2) varied between 0.5‰ and 8.7‰, which was not explained by engine type. The results were consistent with previously measured on-board or test-bed values for the corresponding ratios of emissions. While the methane emissions from high pressure dual fuel engines were found to fulfill the goal of reducing the climatic impacts of shipping, the emissions originating from low pressure dual fuel engines were found to be substantially high, with a potential for increased climatic impacts compared with using traditional marine fuels. Taking only the global warming potential into account, we can suggest a limit value for the methane emissions; the ratio of the emissions ΔCH(4)/ΔCO(2) originating from LNG powered ships should not exceed 1.4%. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8529869 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | American Chemical Society |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85298692021-10-22 Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station Grönholm, Tiia Mäkelä, Timo Hatakka, Juha Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Kuula, Joel Laurila, Tuomas Laakso, Lauri Kukkonen, Jaakko Environ Sci Technol [Image: see text] We analyzed pollution plumes originating from ships using liquefied natural gas (LNG) as a fuel. Measurements were performed at a station located on the Utö island in the Baltic Sea during 2015–2021 when vessels passed the station along an adjacent shipping lane and the wind direction allowed the measurements. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks ΔCH(4)/ΔCO(2) ranged from 1% to 9% and from 0.1% to 0.5% for low and high pressure dual fuel engines, respectively. The ratio of the measured concentration peaks of ΔNO(x)/ΔCO(2) varied between 0.5‰ and 8.7‰, which was not explained by engine type. The results were consistent with previously measured on-board or test-bed values for the corresponding ratios of emissions. While the methane emissions from high pressure dual fuel engines were found to fulfill the goal of reducing the climatic impacts of shipping, the emissions originating from low pressure dual fuel engines were found to be substantially high, with a potential for increased climatic impacts compared with using traditional marine fuels. Taking only the global warming potential into account, we can suggest a limit value for the methane emissions; the ratio of the emissions ΔCH(4)/ΔCO(2) originating from LNG powered ships should not exceed 1.4%. American Chemical Society 2021-10-08 2021-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8529869/ /pubmed/34623135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03293 Text en © 2021 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Permits the broadest form of re-use including for commercial purposes, provided that author attribution and integrity are maintained (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Grönholm, Tiia Mäkelä, Timo Hatakka, Juha Jalkanen, Jukka-Pekka Kuula, Joel Laurila, Tuomas Laakso, Lauri Kukkonen, Jaakko Evaluation of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title | Evaluation
of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG
Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title_full | Evaluation
of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG
Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title_fullStr | Evaluation
of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG
Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation
of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG
Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title_short | Evaluation
of Methane Emissions Originating from LNG
Ships Based on the Measurements at a Remote Marine Station |
title_sort | evaluation
of methane emissions originating from lng
ships based on the measurements at a remote marine station |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8529869/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34623135 http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.1c03293 |
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