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Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States
Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are two of the deadliest foodborne pathogens in the US. Genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and stress response, enable these pathogens to increase their pathogenicity. This study aims to examine the genes detected in both outbreak an...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8532668/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274 |
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author | Li, Michelle Wang, Kyle Tang, Ashley Tang, Aaron Chen, Andrew Huang, Zuyi |
author_facet | Li, Michelle Wang, Kyle Tang, Ashley Tang, Aaron Chen, Andrew Huang, Zuyi |
author_sort | Li, Michelle |
collection | PubMed |
description | Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are two of the deadliest foodborne pathogens in the US. Genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and stress response, enable these pathogens to increase their pathogenicity. This study aims to examine the genes detected in both outbreak and non-outbreak Salmonella spp. and E. coli by analyzing the data from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser database. A multivariate statistical analysis was conducted on the genes detected in isolates of outbreak Salmonella spp., non-outbreak Salmonella spp., outbreak E. coli, and non-outbreak E. coli. The genes from the data were projected onto a two-dimensional space through principal component analysis. Hierarchical clustering was then used to quantify the relationship between the genes in the dataset. Most of the outlier genes identified in E. coli isolates are virulence genes, while outlier genes identified in Salmonella spp. are mainly involved in stress response. Gene epeA, which encodes a high-molecular-weight serine protease autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) protein, along with subA and subB that encode cytotoxic activity, may contribute to the pathogenesis of outbreak E. coli. The iro operon and ars operon may play a role in the ecological success of the epidemic clones of Salmonella spp. Concurrent relationships between esp and ter operons in E. coli and pco and sil operons in Salmonella spp. are found. Stress-response genes (asr, golT, golS), virulence gene (sinH), and antimicrobial resistance genes (mdsA and mdsB) in Salmonella spp. also show a concurrent relationship. All these findings provide helpful information for experiment design to combat outbreaks of E. coli and Salmonella spp. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8532668 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85326682021-10-23 Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States Li, Michelle Wang, Kyle Tang, Ashley Tang, Aaron Chen, Andrew Huang, Zuyi Antibiotics (Basel) Article Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli (E. coli) are two of the deadliest foodborne pathogens in the US. Genes involved in antimicrobial resistance, virulence, and stress response, enable these pathogens to increase their pathogenicity. This study aims to examine the genes detected in both outbreak and non-outbreak Salmonella spp. and E. coli by analyzing the data from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pathogen Detection Isolates Browser database. A multivariate statistical analysis was conducted on the genes detected in isolates of outbreak Salmonella spp., non-outbreak Salmonella spp., outbreak E. coli, and non-outbreak E. coli. The genes from the data were projected onto a two-dimensional space through principal component analysis. Hierarchical clustering was then used to quantify the relationship between the genes in the dataset. Most of the outlier genes identified in E. coli isolates are virulence genes, while outlier genes identified in Salmonella spp. are mainly involved in stress response. Gene epeA, which encodes a high-molecular-weight serine protease autotransporter of Enterobacteriaceae (SPATE) protein, along with subA and subB that encode cytotoxic activity, may contribute to the pathogenesis of outbreak E. coli. The iro operon and ars operon may play a role in the ecological success of the epidemic clones of Salmonella spp. Concurrent relationships between esp and ter operons in E. coli and pco and sil operons in Salmonella spp. are found. Stress-response genes (asr, golT, golS), virulence gene (sinH), and antimicrobial resistance genes (mdsA and mdsB) in Salmonella spp. also show a concurrent relationship. All these findings provide helpful information for experiment design to combat outbreaks of E. coli and Salmonella spp. MDPI 2021-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8532668/ /pubmed/34680854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Li, Michelle Wang, Kyle Tang, Ashley Tang, Aaron Chen, Andrew Huang, Zuyi Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title | Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title_full | Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title_fullStr | Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title_full_unstemmed | Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title_short | Investigation of the Genes Involved in the Outbreaks of Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in the United States |
title_sort | investigation of the genes involved in the outbreaks of escherichia coli and salmonella spp. in the united states |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8532668/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680854 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101274 |
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