Cargando…
Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is an immune checkpoint protein that facilitates T cell exhaustion and modulates the tumor-associated microenvironment, and could be a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibition. This study was conducted to assess Gal-9 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533056/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101383 |
_version_ | 1784587219518881792 |
---|---|
author | Ju, Mi-Ha Byun, Kyung-Do Park, Eun-Hwa Lee, Jin-Hwa Han, Song-Hee |
author_facet | Ju, Mi-Ha Byun, Kyung-Do Park, Eun-Hwa Lee, Jin-Hwa Han, Song-Hee |
author_sort | Ju, Mi-Ha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is an immune checkpoint protein that facilitates T cell exhaustion and modulates the tumor-associated microenvironment, and could be a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibition. This study was conducted to assess Gal-9 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and evaluate its association with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and immune cell infiltration in tumors and the clinical outcome of patients. Overall, 109 patients with TNBC were included. Gal-9 expression was assessed its relationships with tumor clinicopathologic characteristics, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels, PD-L1+ immune cells, and tumor cells by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Low Gal-9 expression was statistically correlated with higher tumor stage (p = 0.031) and presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.008). High Gal-9 expression was associated with a high level of stromal TILs (sTIL; p = 0.011) and positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (p = 0.004). In survival analyses, low Gal-9 expression was associated with significantly poor OS (p = 0.013) in patients with TNBC with PD-L1 negativity in tumor cells. Our findings suggest that increased Gal-9 expression is associated with changes in the antitumor microenvironment, such as increased immune cell infiltration and antimetastatic changes. This study emphasizes the predictive value and promising clinical applications of Gal-9 in TNBC. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8533056 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85330562021-10-23 Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Ju, Mi-Ha Byun, Kyung-Do Park, Eun-Hwa Lee, Jin-Hwa Han, Song-Hee Biomedicines Article Galectin-9 (Gal-9) is an immune checkpoint protein that facilitates T cell exhaustion and modulates the tumor-associated microenvironment, and could be a potential target for immune checkpoint inhibition. This study was conducted to assess Gal-9 expression in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and evaluate its association with programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and immune cell infiltration in tumors and the clinical outcome of patients. Overall, 109 patients with TNBC were included. Gal-9 expression was assessed its relationships with tumor clinicopathologic characteristics, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TIL) levels, PD-L1+ immune cells, and tumor cells by tissue microarray and immunohistochemistry. Low Gal-9 expression was statistically correlated with higher tumor stage (p = 0.031) and presence of lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.008). High Gal-9 expression was associated with a high level of stromal TILs (sTIL; p = 0.011) and positive PD-L1 expression on tumor cells (p = 0.004). In survival analyses, low Gal-9 expression was associated with significantly poor OS (p = 0.013) in patients with TNBC with PD-L1 negativity in tumor cells. Our findings suggest that increased Gal-9 expression is associated with changes in the antitumor microenvironment, such as increased immune cell infiltration and antimetastatic changes. This study emphasizes the predictive value and promising clinical applications of Gal-9 in TNBC. MDPI 2021-10-03 /pmc/articles/PMC8533056/ /pubmed/34680500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101383 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Ju, Mi-Ha Byun, Kyung-Do Park, Eun-Hwa Lee, Jin-Hwa Han, Song-Hee Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title | Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title_full | Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title_fullStr | Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title_full_unstemmed | Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title_short | Association of Galectin 9 Expression with Immune Cell Infiltration, Programmed Cell Death Ligand-1 Expression, and Patient’s Clinical Outcome in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer |
title_sort | association of galectin 9 expression with immune cell infiltration, programmed cell death ligand-1 expression, and patient’s clinical outcome in triple-negative breast cancer |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533056/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680500 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101383 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT jumiha associationofgalectin9expressionwithimmunecellinfiltrationprogrammedcelldeathligand1expressionandpatientsclinicaloutcomeintriplenegativebreastcancer AT byunkyungdo associationofgalectin9expressionwithimmunecellinfiltrationprogrammedcelldeathligand1expressionandpatientsclinicaloutcomeintriplenegativebreastcancer AT parkeunhwa associationofgalectin9expressionwithimmunecellinfiltrationprogrammedcelldeathligand1expressionandpatientsclinicaloutcomeintriplenegativebreastcancer AT leejinhwa associationofgalectin9expressionwithimmunecellinfiltrationprogrammedcelldeathligand1expressionandpatientsclinicaloutcomeintriplenegativebreastcancer AT hansonghee associationofgalectin9expressionwithimmunecellinfiltrationprogrammedcelldeathligand1expressionandpatientsclinicaloutcomeintriplenegativebreastcancer |