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Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins
SIMPLE SUMMARY: Activation of immune cells is bioenergetically expensive, requiring precise control of cellular metabolism. This applies also to innate immune cells. The current study shows that the immunostimulants, Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, Imiquimod, and Poly I:C can modulate the expression of...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100980 |
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author | Figueiredo, Filipe Kristoffersen, Harald Bhat, Shripathi Zhang, Zuobing Godfroid, Jacques Peruzzi, Stefano Præbel, Kim Dalmo, Roy Ambli Xu, Xiaoli |
author_facet | Figueiredo, Filipe Kristoffersen, Harald Bhat, Shripathi Zhang, Zuobing Godfroid, Jacques Peruzzi, Stefano Præbel, Kim Dalmo, Roy Ambli Xu, Xiaoli |
author_sort | Figueiredo, Filipe |
collection | PubMed |
description | SIMPLE SUMMARY: Activation of immune cells is bioenergetically expensive, requiring precise control of cellular metabolism. This applies also to innate immune cells. The current study shows that the immunostimulants, Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, Imiquimod, and Poly I:C can modulate the expression of genes involved in the innate antiviral immune, as well as genes associated with metabolism, in the early life stages of Atlantic salmon. ABSTRACT: Disease resistance of fish larvae may be improved by bath treatment in water containing immunostimulants. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5, work as an “early warning” to induce intracellular signaling and facilitate an antiviral response. A single bath of newly hatched larvae, with Astragalus, upregulated the expression of IFNα, IFNc, ISG15, MDA5, PKR, STAT1, TLR3, and TLR7 immune genes, on day 4 post treatment. Similar patterns were observed for Hyaluronic acid and Poly I:C. Increased expression was observed for ISG15, MDA5, MX, STAT1, TLR3, TLR7, and RSAD2, on day 9 for Imiquimod. Metabolic gene expression was stimulated on day 1 after immunostimulant bath in ULK1, MYC, SLC2A1, HIF1A, MTOR, and SIX1, in Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, and Imiquimod. Expression of NOS2 in Poly I:C was an average fourfold above that of control at the same timepoint. Throughout the remaining sampling days (2, 4, 9, 16, 32, and 45 days post immunostimulant bath), NOS2 and IL1B were consistently overexpressed. In conclusion, the immunostimulants induced antiviral gene responses, indicating that a single bath at an early life stage could enable a more robust antiviral defense in fish. Additionally, it was demonstrated, based on gene expression data, that cell metabolism was perturbed, where several metabolic genes were co-regulated with innate antiviral genes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8533105 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85331052021-10-23 Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins Figueiredo, Filipe Kristoffersen, Harald Bhat, Shripathi Zhang, Zuobing Godfroid, Jacques Peruzzi, Stefano Præbel, Kim Dalmo, Roy Ambli Xu, Xiaoli Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Activation of immune cells is bioenergetically expensive, requiring precise control of cellular metabolism. This applies also to innate immune cells. The current study shows that the immunostimulants, Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, Imiquimod, and Poly I:C can modulate the expression of genes involved in the innate antiviral immune, as well as genes associated with metabolism, in the early life stages of Atlantic salmon. ABSTRACT: Disease resistance of fish larvae may be improved by bath treatment in water containing immunostimulants. Pattern recognition receptors, such as TLR3, TLR7, and MDA5, work as an “early warning” to induce intracellular signaling and facilitate an antiviral response. A single bath of newly hatched larvae, with Astragalus, upregulated the expression of IFNα, IFNc, ISG15, MDA5, PKR, STAT1, TLR3, and TLR7 immune genes, on day 4 post treatment. Similar patterns were observed for Hyaluronic acid and Poly I:C. Increased expression was observed for ISG15, MDA5, MX, STAT1, TLR3, TLR7, and RSAD2, on day 9 for Imiquimod. Metabolic gene expression was stimulated on day 1 after immunostimulant bath in ULK1, MYC, SLC2A1, HIF1A, MTOR, and SIX1, in Astragalus, Hyaluronic acid, and Imiquimod. Expression of NOS2 in Poly I:C was an average fourfold above that of control at the same timepoint. Throughout the remaining sampling days (2, 4, 9, 16, 32, and 45 days post immunostimulant bath), NOS2 and IL1B were consistently overexpressed. In conclusion, the immunostimulants induced antiviral gene responses, indicating that a single bath at an early life stage could enable a more robust antiviral defense in fish. Additionally, it was demonstrated, based on gene expression data, that cell metabolism was perturbed, where several metabolic genes were co-regulated with innate antiviral genes. MDPI 2021-09-29 /pmc/articles/PMC8533105/ /pubmed/34681079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100980 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Figueiredo, Filipe Kristoffersen, Harald Bhat, Shripathi Zhang, Zuobing Godfroid, Jacques Peruzzi, Stefano Præbel, Kim Dalmo, Roy Ambli Xu, Xiaoli Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title | Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title_full | Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title_fullStr | Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title_full_unstemmed | Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title_short | Immunostimulant Bathing Influences the Expression of Immune- and Metabolic-Related Genes in Atlantic Salmon Alevins |
title_sort | immunostimulant bathing influences the expression of immune- and metabolic-related genes in atlantic salmon alevins |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533105/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681079 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100980 |
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