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Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China

SIMPLE SUMMARY: Wheat anthesis date is an important turning point for wheat from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, which is crucial for wheat to adapt to environment and increase grain yield. In this study, a panel of adaptive wheat varieties including historical varieties from t...

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Autores principales: Li, Ziwei, Zheng, Bangyou, He, Yong
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533131/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100955
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author Li, Ziwei
Zheng, Bangyou
He, Yong
author_facet Li, Ziwei
Zheng, Bangyou
He, Yong
author_sort Li, Ziwei
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: Wheat anthesis date is an important turning point for wheat from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, which is crucial for wheat to adapt to environment and increase grain yield. In this study, a panel of adaptive wheat varieties including historical varieties from the 1940s and current varieties was used to understand the contribution of growing season, genotypes and their interaction effects to anthesis date. Based on our results, we can conclude that growing seasons contributed tremendously to the anthesis date of wheat. In future wheat breeding, more consideration should be given to growing seasons, and the gene combination with the strongest adaptability to the growing seasons should be selected. ABSTRACT: Quantitative studies on the effects of growing season, genotype (including photoperiod genes and vernalization genes), and their interaction (GGI) on the anthesis date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are helpful to provide a scientific reference for selecting or developing adaptive varieties in target environments. In this study, we collected 100 winter wheat varieties with ecological adaptability in North China and identified the anthesis date under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2019 with mapped photoperiod and vernalization alleles. Our results showed that the number of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele increased with variety replacement, while the haplotype Ppd-A1b + Ppd-D1b + vrn-D1 (A4B2) decreased from the 1940s to 2000s. The anthesis date of A4B2 was significantly delayed due to the photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-A1b and Ppd-D1b. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGI biplot analysis were used for data analysis. A large portion of the total variation was explained by growing seasons (66.3%), while genotypes and GGIs explained 21.9% and 10.1% of the anthesis dates, respectively. The varieties from the 1940s and before had a great influence on the anthesis date, suggesting these germplasms tend to avoid premature anthesis and could facilitate the development of phenological resilient varieties.
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spelling pubmed-85331312021-10-23 Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China Li, Ziwei Zheng, Bangyou He, Yong Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: Wheat anthesis date is an important turning point for wheat from vegetative growth stage to reproductive growth stage, which is crucial for wheat to adapt to environment and increase grain yield. In this study, a panel of adaptive wheat varieties including historical varieties from the 1940s and current varieties was used to understand the contribution of growing season, genotypes and their interaction effects to anthesis date. Based on our results, we can conclude that growing seasons contributed tremendously to the anthesis date of wheat. In future wheat breeding, more consideration should be given to growing seasons, and the gene combination with the strongest adaptability to the growing seasons should be selected. ABSTRACT: Quantitative studies on the effects of growing season, genotype (including photoperiod genes and vernalization genes), and their interaction (GGI) on the anthesis date of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) are helpful to provide a scientific reference for selecting or developing adaptive varieties in target environments. In this study, we collected 100 winter wheat varieties with ecological adaptability in North China and identified the anthesis date under field conditions for three consecutive years from 2016 to 2019 with mapped photoperiod and vernalization alleles. Our results showed that the number of the photoperiod-insensitive Ppd-D1a allele increased with variety replacement, while the haplotype Ppd-A1b + Ppd-D1b + vrn-D1 (A4B2) decreased from the 1940s to 2000s. The anthesis date of A4B2 was significantly delayed due to the photoperiod-insensitive alleles Ppd-A1b and Ppd-D1b. The additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model and GGI biplot analysis were used for data analysis. A large portion of the total variation was explained by growing seasons (66.3%), while genotypes and GGIs explained 21.9% and 10.1% of the anthesis dates, respectively. The varieties from the 1940s and before had a great influence on the anthesis date, suggesting these germplasms tend to avoid premature anthesis and could facilitate the development of phenological resilient varieties. MDPI 2021-09-24 /pmc/articles/PMC8533131/ /pubmed/34681054 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100955 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Li, Ziwei
Zheng, Bangyou
He, Yong
Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title_full Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title_fullStr Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title_full_unstemmed Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title_short Understanding the Effects of Growing Seasons, Genotypes, and Their Interactions on the Anthesis Date of Wheat Sown in North China
title_sort understanding the effects of growing seasons, genotypes, and their interactions on the anthesis date of wheat sown in north china
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533131/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681054
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100955
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