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Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties

SIMPLE SUMMARY: The development of new approaches in the field of drug delivery systems is primarily based on increasing the accuracy and precision of the targeted site and improving the stability of the drug by preventing the phagocytosis process inside the body. Among many other methods used to fu...

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Autores principales: Chaturvedi, Richa, Kang, Yumin, Eom, Yunji, Torati, Sri Ramulu, Kim, CheolGi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100993
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author Chaturvedi, Richa
Kang, Yumin
Eom, Yunji
Torati, Sri Ramulu
Kim, CheolGi
author_facet Chaturvedi, Richa
Kang, Yumin
Eom, Yunji
Torati, Sri Ramulu
Kim, CheolGi
author_sort Chaturvedi, Richa
collection PubMed
description SIMPLE SUMMARY: The development of new approaches in the field of drug delivery systems is primarily based on increasing the accuracy and precision of the targeted site and improving the stability of the drug by preventing the phagocytosis process inside the body. Among many other methods used to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements, the use of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is proven to be a promising solution, as it is self-propelling in nature, and can also be controlled by an external magnetic field. For the present work, we developed an MTB/PEG–biotin complex by exploiting the process of covalent bond formation between bacteria and a biotin–PEG–NHS polymer. In addition to this, attachment efficacy and stability were also determined. In biological applications, cytotoxicity assay of THP-1 cells was performed, showing the MTB/PEG–biotin complex to be less harmful to the cells; meanwhile, to explore the stealth properties of the complex, we performed a cell association assay. With these results, we provide a significant contribution to the field of potential drug delivery system development. ABSTRACT: The early removal of drug delivery agents before reaching the affected target remains an area of interest to researchers. Several magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have been used as self-propelled drug delivery agents, and they can also be controlled by an external magnetic field. By attaching the PEG–biotin polymer, the bacteria are turned into a stealth material that can escape from the phagocytosis process and reach the area of interest with the drug load. In the study, we developed a potential drug carrier by attaching the PEG–biotin to the MTB-through-NHS crosslinker to form a MTB/PEG–biotin complex. The attachment stability, efficacy, and bacterial viability upon attachment of the PEG–biotin polymer were investigated. Biological applications were carried out using a cytotoxicity assay of THP-1 cells, and the results indicate that the MTB/PEG–biotin complex is less harmful to cell viability compared to MTB alone. Along with cytotoxicity, an assay for cell association was also evaluated to assess the complex as a potential stealth material. The development of these complexes focuses on an easy, time-saving, and stable technique of polymer attachment with the bacteria, without damaging the cell’s surface, so as to make it a strong and reliable delivery agent.
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spelling pubmed-85333742021-10-23 Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties Chaturvedi, Richa Kang, Yumin Eom, Yunji Torati, Sri Ramulu Kim, CheolGi Biology (Basel) Article SIMPLE SUMMARY: The development of new approaches in the field of drug delivery systems is primarily based on increasing the accuracy and precision of the targeted site and improving the stability of the drug by preventing the phagocytosis process inside the body. Among many other methods used to fulfill the above-mentioned requirements, the use of magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) is proven to be a promising solution, as it is self-propelling in nature, and can also be controlled by an external magnetic field. For the present work, we developed an MTB/PEG–biotin complex by exploiting the process of covalent bond formation between bacteria and a biotin–PEG–NHS polymer. In addition to this, attachment efficacy and stability were also determined. In biological applications, cytotoxicity assay of THP-1 cells was performed, showing the MTB/PEG–biotin complex to be less harmful to the cells; meanwhile, to explore the stealth properties of the complex, we performed a cell association assay. With these results, we provide a significant contribution to the field of potential drug delivery system development. ABSTRACT: The early removal of drug delivery agents before reaching the affected target remains an area of interest to researchers. Several magnetotactic bacteria (MTB) have been used as self-propelled drug delivery agents, and they can also be controlled by an external magnetic field. By attaching the PEG–biotin polymer, the bacteria are turned into a stealth material that can escape from the phagocytosis process and reach the area of interest with the drug load. In the study, we developed a potential drug carrier by attaching the PEG–biotin to the MTB-through-NHS crosslinker to form a MTB/PEG–biotin complex. The attachment stability, efficacy, and bacterial viability upon attachment of the PEG–biotin polymer were investigated. Biological applications were carried out using a cytotoxicity assay of THP-1 cells, and the results indicate that the MTB/PEG–biotin complex is less harmful to cell viability compared to MTB alone. Along with cytotoxicity, an assay for cell association was also evaluated to assess the complex as a potential stealth material. The development of these complexes focuses on an easy, time-saving, and stable technique of polymer attachment with the bacteria, without damaging the cell’s surface, so as to make it a strong and reliable delivery agent. MDPI 2021-10-01 /pmc/articles/PMC8533374/ /pubmed/34681092 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100993 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Chaturvedi, Richa
Kang, Yumin
Eom, Yunji
Torati, Sri Ramulu
Kim, CheolGi
Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title_full Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title_fullStr Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title_full_unstemmed Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title_short Functionalization of Biotinylated Polyethylene Glycol on Live Magnetotactic Bacteria Carriers for Improved Stealth Properties
title_sort functionalization of biotinylated polyethylene glycol on live magnetotactic bacteria carriers for improved stealth properties
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533374/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34681092
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology10100993
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