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Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation

Newts are unique salamanders that can regenerate their limbs as postmetamorphic adults. In order to regenerate human limbs as newts do, it is necessary to determine whether the cells homologous to those contributing to the limb regeneration of adult newts also exist in humans. Previous skin manipula...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel, Yasuda, Kayo, Yahata, Kensuke, Maruo, Fumiaki, Chiba, Chikafumi
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680543
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101426
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author Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel
Yasuda, Kayo
Yahata, Kensuke
Maruo, Fumiaki
Chiba, Chikafumi
author_facet Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel
Yasuda, Kayo
Yahata, Kensuke
Maruo, Fumiaki
Chiba, Chikafumi
author_sort Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel
collection PubMed
description Newts are unique salamanders that can regenerate their limbs as postmetamorphic adults. In order to regenerate human limbs as newts do, it is necessary to determine whether the cells homologous to those contributing to the limb regeneration of adult newts also exist in humans. Previous skin manipulation studies in larval amphibians have suggested that stump skin plays a pivotal role in the axial patterning of regenerating limbs. However, in adult newts such studies are limited, though they are informative. Therefore, in this article we have conducted skin manipulation experiments such as rotating the skin 180° around the proximodistal axis of the limb and replacing half of the skin with that of another location on the limb or body. We found that, contrary to our expectations, adult newts robustly regenerated limbs with a normal axial pattern regardless of skin manipulation, and that the appearance of abnormalities was stochastic. Our results suggest that the tissue under the skin, rather than the skin itself, in the intact limb is of primary importance in ensuring the normal axial pattern formation in adult newt limb regeneration. We propose that the important tissues are located in small areas underlying the ventral anterior and ventral posterior skin.
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spelling pubmed-85334172021-10-23 Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel Yasuda, Kayo Yahata, Kensuke Maruo, Fumiaki Chiba, Chikafumi Biomedicines Article Newts are unique salamanders that can regenerate their limbs as postmetamorphic adults. In order to regenerate human limbs as newts do, it is necessary to determine whether the cells homologous to those contributing to the limb regeneration of adult newts also exist in humans. Previous skin manipulation studies in larval amphibians have suggested that stump skin plays a pivotal role in the axial patterning of regenerating limbs. However, in adult newts such studies are limited, though they are informative. Therefore, in this article we have conducted skin manipulation experiments such as rotating the skin 180° around the proximodistal axis of the limb and replacing half of the skin with that of another location on the limb or body. We found that, contrary to our expectations, adult newts robustly regenerated limbs with a normal axial pattern regardless of skin manipulation, and that the appearance of abnormalities was stochastic. Our results suggest that the tissue under the skin, rather than the skin itself, in the intact limb is of primary importance in ensuring the normal axial pattern formation in adult newt limb regeneration. We propose that the important tissues are located in small areas underlying the ventral anterior and ventral posterior skin. MDPI 2021-10-09 /pmc/articles/PMC8533417/ /pubmed/34680543 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101426 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Casco-Robles, Martin Miguel
Yasuda, Kayo
Yahata, Kensuke
Maruo, Fumiaki
Chiba, Chikafumi
Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title_full Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title_fullStr Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title_full_unstemmed Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title_short Reviewing the Effects of Skin Manipulations on Adult Newt Limb Regeneration: Implications for the Subcutaneous Origin of Axial Pattern Formation
title_sort reviewing the effects of skin manipulations on adult newt limb regeneration: implications for the subcutaneous origin of axial pattern formation
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533417/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680543
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101426
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