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Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease

High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) proteins are small architectural DNA binding proteins that regulate multiple genomic processes such as DNA damage repair, nucleosome sliding, telomere homeostasis, and transcription. In doing so they control both normal cellular functions and impact a myriad of disease...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Voong, Calvin K., Goodrich, James A., Kugel, Jennifer F.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680084
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101451
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author Voong, Calvin K.
Goodrich, James A.
Kugel, Jennifer F.
author_facet Voong, Calvin K.
Goodrich, James A.
Kugel, Jennifer F.
author_sort Voong, Calvin K.
collection PubMed
description High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) proteins are small architectural DNA binding proteins that regulate multiple genomic processes such as DNA damage repair, nucleosome sliding, telomere homeostasis, and transcription. In doing so they control both normal cellular functions and impact a myriad of disease states, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. HMGB proteins bind to DNA and nucleosomes to modulate the local chromatin environment, which facilitates the binding of regulatory protein factors to the genome and modulates higher order chromosomal organization. Numerous studies over the years have characterized the structure and function of interactions between HMGB proteins and DNA, both biochemically and inside cells, providing valuable mechanistic insight as well as evidence these interactions influence pathological processes. This review highlights recent studies supporting the roles of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in global organization of the genome, as well as roles in transcriptional regulation and telomere maintenance via interactions with G-quadruplex structures. Moreover, emerging models for how HMGB proteins function as RNA binding proteins are presented. Nuclear HMGB proteins have broad regulatory potential to impact numerous aspects of cellular metabolism in normal and disease states.
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spelling pubmed-85334192021-10-23 Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease Voong, Calvin K. Goodrich, James A. Kugel, Jennifer F. Biomolecules Review High Mobility Group Box (HMGB) proteins are small architectural DNA binding proteins that regulate multiple genomic processes such as DNA damage repair, nucleosome sliding, telomere homeostasis, and transcription. In doing so they control both normal cellular functions and impact a myriad of disease states, including cancers and autoimmune diseases. HMGB proteins bind to DNA and nucleosomes to modulate the local chromatin environment, which facilitates the binding of regulatory protein factors to the genome and modulates higher order chromosomal organization. Numerous studies over the years have characterized the structure and function of interactions between HMGB proteins and DNA, both biochemically and inside cells, providing valuable mechanistic insight as well as evidence these interactions influence pathological processes. This review highlights recent studies supporting the roles of HMGB1 and HMGB2 in global organization of the genome, as well as roles in transcriptional regulation and telomere maintenance via interactions with G-quadruplex structures. Moreover, emerging models for how HMGB proteins function as RNA binding proteins are presented. Nuclear HMGB proteins have broad regulatory potential to impact numerous aspects of cellular metabolism in normal and disease states. MDPI 2021-10-02 /pmc/articles/PMC8533419/ /pubmed/34680084 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101451 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Voong, Calvin K.
Goodrich, James A.
Kugel, Jennifer F.
Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title_full Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title_fullStr Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title_full_unstemmed Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title_short Interactions of HMGB Proteins with the Genome and the Impact on Disease
title_sort interactions of hmgb proteins with the genome and the impact on disease
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533419/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680084
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101451
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