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S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model
The mucolytic agent S-carboxymethylcysteine is widely used as an expectorant for the treatment of numerous respiratory disorders. The metabolic fate of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine is complex. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the metabolism of this agent differs within the same individu...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2021
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101467 |
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author | Catanesi, Mariano Brandolini, Laura d’Angelo, Michele Tupone, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Elisabetta Alfonsetti, Margherita Quintiliani, Massimiliano Fratelli, Maddalena Iaconis, Daniela Cimini, Annamaria Castelli, Vanessa Allegretti, Marcello |
author_facet | Catanesi, Mariano Brandolini, Laura d’Angelo, Michele Tupone, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Elisabetta Alfonsetti, Margherita Quintiliani, Massimiliano Fratelli, Maddalena Iaconis, Daniela Cimini, Annamaria Castelli, Vanessa Allegretti, Marcello |
author_sort | Catanesi, Mariano |
collection | PubMed |
description | The mucolytic agent S-carboxymethylcysteine is widely used as an expectorant for the treatment of numerous respiratory disorders. The metabolic fate of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine is complex. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the metabolism of this agent differs within the same individual, with sulfur oxygenated metabolites generated upon night-time administration. It has been indicated that this drug behaves like a free radical scavenger and that, in this regard, the sulfide is the active species with sulphoxide metabolites (already oxidized) being inactive. Consequently, a night-time consumption of the drug should be more effective upon daytime administration. Still, this diurnal variation in biotransformation (deactivation) is dependent on the genetic polymorphism on which relies the patient population capacities of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine sulphoxidation. It has been reported that those cohorts who are efficient sulfur oxidizers will generate inactive oxygenated metabolites. In contrast, those who have a relative deficiency in this mechanism will be subjected to the active sulfide for a more extended period. In this regard, it is noteworthy that 38–39% of Parkinson’s disease patients belong to the poor sulphoxide cohort, being exposed to higher levels of active sulfide, the active antioxidant metabolite of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopaminergic neurons. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Based on this evidence, in this study, we evaluated the effects of S-carboxymethyl cysteine in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease in protecting against oxidative stress injury. The data obtained suggested that an S-carboxymethylcysteine-enriched diet could be beneficial during aging to protect neurons from oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing the progression of neurodegenerative processes. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-8533464 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2021 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-85334642021-10-23 S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model Catanesi, Mariano Brandolini, Laura d’Angelo, Michele Tupone, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Elisabetta Alfonsetti, Margherita Quintiliani, Massimiliano Fratelli, Maddalena Iaconis, Daniela Cimini, Annamaria Castelli, Vanessa Allegretti, Marcello Biomedicines Article The mucolytic agent S-carboxymethylcysteine is widely used as an expectorant for the treatment of numerous respiratory disorders. The metabolic fate of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine is complex. Several clinical studies have demonstrated that the metabolism of this agent differs within the same individual, with sulfur oxygenated metabolites generated upon night-time administration. It has been indicated that this drug behaves like a free radical scavenger and that, in this regard, the sulfide is the active species with sulphoxide metabolites (already oxidized) being inactive. Consequently, a night-time consumption of the drug should be more effective upon daytime administration. Still, this diurnal variation in biotransformation (deactivation) is dependent on the genetic polymorphism on which relies the patient population capacities of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine sulphoxidation. It has been reported that those cohorts who are efficient sulfur oxidizers will generate inactive oxygenated metabolites. In contrast, those who have a relative deficiency in this mechanism will be subjected to the active sulfide for a more extended period. In this regard, it is noteworthy that 38–39% of Parkinson’s disease patients belong to the poor sulphoxide cohort, being exposed to higher levels of active sulfide, the active antioxidant metabolite of S-carboxymethyl-L-cysteine. Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects predominately dopaminergic neurons. It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction play a crucial role in the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. Based on this evidence, in this study, we evaluated the effects of S-carboxymethyl cysteine in an in vitro model of Parkinson’s disease in protecting against oxidative stress injury. The data obtained suggested that an S-carboxymethylcysteine-enriched diet could be beneficial during aging to protect neurons from oxidative imbalance and mitochondrial dysfunction, thus preventing the progression of neurodegenerative processes. MDPI 2021-10-14 /pmc/articles/PMC8533464/ /pubmed/34680584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101467 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Catanesi, Mariano Brandolini, Laura d’Angelo, Michele Tupone, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Elisabetta Alfonsetti, Margherita Quintiliani, Massimiliano Fratelli, Maddalena Iaconis, Daniela Cimini, Annamaria Castelli, Vanessa Allegretti, Marcello S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title | S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title_full | S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title_fullStr | S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title_full_unstemmed | S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title_short | S-Carboxymethyl Cysteine Protects against Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Impairment in a Parkinson’s Disease In Vitro Model |
title_sort | s-carboxymethyl cysteine protects against oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment in a parkinson’s disease in vitro model |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533464/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34680584 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9101467 |
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