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Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder

Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) is a common diagnosis at the memory clinic. FCD is characterised by significant self-reported cognitive symptoms in the absence of external evidence of cognitive dysfunction. A potential explanation for this is a deficit in metacognition, the process by which we i...

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Autores principales: Pennington, Catherine, Ball, Harriet, Swirski, Marta, Newson, Margaret, Coulthard, Elizabeth
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2021
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679432
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101368
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author Pennington, Catherine
Ball, Harriet
Swirski, Marta
Newson, Margaret
Coulthard, Elizabeth
author_facet Pennington, Catherine
Ball, Harriet
Swirski, Marta
Newson, Margaret
Coulthard, Elizabeth
author_sort Pennington, Catherine
collection PubMed
description Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) is a common diagnosis at the memory clinic. FCD is characterised by significant self-reported cognitive symptoms in the absence of external evidence of cognitive dysfunction. A potential explanation for this is a deficit in metacognition, the process by which we internally judge our own abilities. Here we investigated differences in accuracy, confidence, and metacognition between people with FCD (N = 20), neurodegenerative mild cognitive impairment (nMCI; N = 14), and healthy controls (N = 23). The groups were assessed on forced choice memory and perceptual tasks, with trial by trial confidence ratings. FCD and nMCI participants showed lower accuracy on the memory task (means FCD 63.65%, nMCI 63.96%, HC 71.22%), with a significant difference between the FCD and HC groups after controlling for age and sex. There were no between-group differences in memory task confidence (means FCD 3.19, nMCI 3.59, HC 3.71). The FCD group showed greater confidence when longer time was allowed on the memory task. No between group differences in perceptual task accuracy (means FCD 63.97%, nMCI 64.50%, FCD 65.86%) or confidence (means FCD 3.71, nMCI 3.43, HC 3.88) were found. No differences in metacognitive efficacy emerged between the groups, either on the memory or perceptual task (Memory Meta-d’/d’:FCD 0.63, nMCI 0.94 HC 0.85; Perceptual Meta-d’,d’: FCD 0.50, nMCI 0.51, HC 0.72). Participants showed greater metacognitive efficacy on the memory task compared to the perceptual task. The difficulties experienced by people with FCD do not appear to be due to metacognitive deficits. Their performance was similar to people with nMCI over aspects of the memory tasks, which suggests that the primary issue may lie with memory encoding or retrieval, rather than with their judgement of performance accuracy.
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spelling pubmed-85338682021-10-23 Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder Pennington, Catherine Ball, Harriet Swirski, Marta Newson, Margaret Coulthard, Elizabeth Brain Sci Article Functional Cognitive Disorder (FCD) is a common diagnosis at the memory clinic. FCD is characterised by significant self-reported cognitive symptoms in the absence of external evidence of cognitive dysfunction. A potential explanation for this is a deficit in metacognition, the process by which we internally judge our own abilities. Here we investigated differences in accuracy, confidence, and metacognition between people with FCD (N = 20), neurodegenerative mild cognitive impairment (nMCI; N = 14), and healthy controls (N = 23). The groups were assessed on forced choice memory and perceptual tasks, with trial by trial confidence ratings. FCD and nMCI participants showed lower accuracy on the memory task (means FCD 63.65%, nMCI 63.96%, HC 71.22%), with a significant difference between the FCD and HC groups after controlling for age and sex. There were no between-group differences in memory task confidence (means FCD 3.19, nMCI 3.59, HC 3.71). The FCD group showed greater confidence when longer time was allowed on the memory task. No between group differences in perceptual task accuracy (means FCD 63.97%, nMCI 64.50%, FCD 65.86%) or confidence (means FCD 3.71, nMCI 3.43, HC 3.88) were found. No differences in metacognitive efficacy emerged between the groups, either on the memory or perceptual task (Memory Meta-d’/d’:FCD 0.63, nMCI 0.94 HC 0.85; Perceptual Meta-d’,d’: FCD 0.50, nMCI 0.51, HC 0.72). Participants showed greater metacognitive efficacy on the memory task compared to the perceptual task. The difficulties experienced by people with FCD do not appear to be due to metacognitive deficits. Their performance was similar to people with nMCI over aspects of the memory tasks, which suggests that the primary issue may lie with memory encoding or retrieval, rather than with their judgement of performance accuracy. MDPI 2021-10-19 /pmc/articles/PMC8533868/ /pubmed/34679432 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101368 Text en © 2021 by the authors. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Pennington, Catherine
Ball, Harriet
Swirski, Marta
Newson, Margaret
Coulthard, Elizabeth
Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title_full Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title_fullStr Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title_full_unstemmed Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title_short Metacognitive Performance on Memory and Visuospatial Tasks in Functional Cognitive Disorder
title_sort metacognitive performance on memory and visuospatial tasks in functional cognitive disorder
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8533868/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34679432
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101368
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